Sultan - Surutan (English spelling)

Japanese: スルタン - するたん(英語表記)Sultan
Sultan - Surutan (English spelling)

A title given to a powerful political ruler by the caliph, the highest authority in Islam. In the Quran, it was used as a religiously important proof or authority, and was impersonal, but later it became a title given to an individual who ruled a specific region. In 875, the brother of the Abbasid caliph, Mu'tamid, was the first to receive this title. As an official title for an Islamic tyrant with the highest secular authority, it was used by the Turkish Ghaznavid dynasty. However, in reality, it was first given to Tughril Beg of the Seljuk dynasty, who entered Baghdad in 1055, by the Abbasid caliph, Qa'im, in 1058. After that, this title was used by the Seljuk dynasty of Rum in Asia Minor, the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt, and the Ottoman dynasty. However, in Iran, it was used as a title for a local governor, and in modern times, the title of sultan is used by local lords and small monarchs as political rulers in Islamic countries from North Africa to Indonesia.

[Kunihiro Shitara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イスラム教最高権威者であるカリフが授与した政治的有力支配者の称号。コーランでは、宗教的に重要な証示、または権威の意味で使用され、非人格的なものであったが、のち特定の地域を支配する個人の称号となった。875年、アッバース朝カリフ、ムウタミドの弟が最初にこの称号を受けた。世俗的権力の最高権威をもつイスラム専制君主の公式称号としては、トルコ系のガズナ朝に使用例がある。しかし、実質的には、1055年バグダードに入城したセルジューク朝のトゥグリル・ベクが、1058年にアッバース朝カリフ、カーイムから授与されたことに始まる。その後、小アジアのルーム・セルジューク朝、エジプトのマムルーク朝、そしてオスマン朝と、この称号が襲用された。ただ、イランでは地方知事の称号として使用され、現代では、北アフリカからインドネシアに至るイスラム諸国において、土豪や小君主が政治的支配者として、スルタンの称号を用いている。

[設楽國廣]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Sultan Agung

>>:  Surdas - Sūrdās (English spelling)

Recommend

Jelemi Wisniowiecki - Jelemi Wisniowiecki

…Official name: Republic of Poland Area: 312,677 ...

Noriuji Isshiki

A military commander during the Nanboku-cho perio...

Theodorich

…In Prague, Charles IV also invited craftsmen not...

Karesansui - Dry Landscape

A garden term. There are five other variations of...

Daijosai - Daijosai

〘Noun〙① The first Niiname festival held after the ...

Li Guang-Tian

Chinese poet and novelist. Born in Zouping County...

Right-handed writing - Yuhitugaki

A term used in paleography. Generally, documents i...

Burnett, FH

...Her realistic tendency finally led to the deve...

Pastralist

…In order to restructure their position, the squa...

Ixobrychus eurhythmus; Von Schrenck's bittern

Order Pelecaniformes, Family Heronidae. Total leng...

Jakob Moleschott

1822‐93 A physiologist from the Netherlands. Profe...

Pigafetta, P. (English spelling) PigafettaP

… After the 17th century, African language studie...

Grim Reaper - Shinigami

[1] [noun] A god who lures and guides people to de...

Relief Society Movement - Relief Society Movement

...However, due to the successive arrests of lead...

Giolitti - Giovanni Giolitti

Italian politician. He entered politics in 1882 a...