Molecular structure - bunshikōzō (English spelling)

Japanese: 分子構造 - ぶんしこうぞう（英語表記）molecular structure

This refers to the spatial arrangement of each atom in a molecule and the state of their bonds. There are various forms of structural expression, from structures that show the relative arrangement of atoms two-dimensionally based on simple atomic valences, to three-dimensional structures that explain stereoisomerism and steric hindrance. When creating molecular crystals, the molecular structure can be determined almost exclusively by three-dimensional structural analysis using X-rays. For molecules in liquid, gas, or solution states, the electronic state of the bonds can be determined from ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, the vibrational state of the bonds from infrared absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the positions and relationships of hydrogen atoms in organic compounds, and the relationships between atomic groups and bonds can be determined from nuclear magnetic resonance absorption spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Recently, bonds have been considered from a theoretical standpoint based on quantum mechanics, and the electronic state can be calculated to estimate molecular structures.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

分子内における各原子の空間配置，およびそれらの結合の状態をいう。原子相互の配置を簡単な原子価に基づいて二次元的に表わす構造から，立体異性や立体障害を説明するための三次元構造まで種々の構造表現形式がある。分子結晶をつくる場合では，X線による三次元構造解析によりほとんど一義的に分子構造を知ることができる。液体，気体，溶液状態にある分子では，結合の電子状態は紫外線吸収スペクトルから，結合の振動状態は赤外線吸収スペクトルやラマンスペクトルから決められ，有機化合物の水素原子の位置や相互関係，原子団や結合の相互関係などは，核磁気共鳴吸収スペクトルや質量スペクトルから決められる。最近では量子力学に基づく理論的な立場で結合を考え，電子状態を計算し，分子構造を推定できる。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Molecular recognition

>>: Branching enzyme