It is the national language of the Republic of Latvia, with an estimated 1.34 million speakers in the Republic and 250,000 speakers abroad. It belongs to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family along with Lithuanian and Old Prussian. It is divided into three main dialects, Eastern, Western, and Central, but the standard language was established in the late 19th century to the early 20th century based on the Central dialect. It is very closely related to Lithuanian, and can be considered a dialect of the same language, but it has changed more dramatically than Lithuanian, and many of the old characteristics in terms of phonology, morphology, and accent have been lost. The oldest document in Latvian is a translation of a Catholic catechism (published in 1585), and many have appeared since then. [Yano Michio] “TG Fennell and H. GelsenA Grammar of Modern Latvian Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ (1980, Mouton, The Hague, The Netherlands)” [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ラトビア共和国の国語であり、同共和国に約134万人、その他の諸外国に約25万人の話し手を数えると推定される言語。系統的には、リトアニア語、古プロイセン語とともに印欧語族のバルト語派に属する。東部、西部、中央の三つの主要な方言に区別されるが、標準語は19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけて、中央方言に基づいて成立した。リトアニア語とは非常に近い関係にあり、同一言語の異なる方言といいうるほどであるが、リトアニア語に比して変化が著しく、音韻、形態、アクセントなどの面における古い特徴がかなり失われている。ラトビア語の文献は、カトリックの教義問答書の翻訳(1585出版)が最古のもので、以後次々と現れる。 [矢野通生] 『T. G. Fennell and H. GelsenA Grammar of Modern Latvian Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ(1980, Mouton, The Hague, The Netherlands)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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