Suma

A district in the west of Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture. This area is the southern part of Suma Ward, formerly Suma Town. It has been known as a place of scenic beauty since ancient times. Mount Hachibuse, Mount Tekkasan, and Mount Takakura, which are on the western edge of the Rokko Mountains, slope steeply into the sea around Sumaura Park. The name Suma comes from the "flat land where Sumi ends." Suma no Ura, with its white sand and green pines, is the setting for "Suma" and "Akashi" in The Tale of Genji, as well as the Noh play "Matsukaze," and even today has a swimming beach and a seaside park. The JR Sanyo Main Line, Sanyo Electric Railway, and National Route 2 are all crowded together along the narrow coastline. Meanwhile, the Second Shinmei Road runs through the mountains behind it, and Suma Interchange is located there. Suma Barrier, which was mentioned in the Hyakunin Isshu poems by Hyakunin since ancient times, was established here as a strategic location for military and transportation, and the remains of the barricade and the place name Sekimoricho remain to this day. It was also an ancient battlefield between the Genpei War and the Taira War, and is home to Ichinotani, Hiyodorigoe, Suma-dera, Atsumorizuka, and the remains of Emperor Antoku's palace. Suma-dera Temple is officially called Ueno-san Fukusho-ji, and within its grounds are the pond where Atsumori's neck was washed. The temple also houses Atsumori's favorite flute, the Aoba no Fue. After the Meiji period, villas of the wealthy were built at the foot of the mountain, on the coastal terraces, and along the coast, and Muko Rikyu was also established here. After World War II, the remains of the villas and large mansions were turned into parks, and became Suma Rikyu Park, Suma Kaihin Park, and Sumaura Park. The area behind the city was also cut down, and the resulting soil was used to fill in the sea area of ​​Kobe City, leading to the construction of a large housing complex. The city-run Suma Aquarium is located in Suma Seaside Park.

[Toshiaki Niki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

兵庫県神戸市西部の地区。須磨区の南部の地域で、旧須磨町。古来景勝の地として知られる。六甲(ろっこう)山地西端の鉢伏山(はちぶせやま)、鉄拐山(てっかいざん)、高倉山などは須磨浦公園あたりで急傾斜となって海に迫る。この「平地の行き詰まったスミ」が須磨の地名の由来である。白砂青松の須磨の浦は『源氏物語』の「須磨」「明石(あかし)」、謡曲『松風』などの舞台で、いまも海水浴場や海浜公園などがある。狭い海岸にJR山陽本線、山陽電鉄、国道2号がひしめきあって通じている。一方、後背の山地を第二神明道路が通り、須磨インターチェンジが設置されている。古くから軍事、交通上の要地として百人一首にも詠まれた須磨の関が設けられ、いまも関所跡や関守町(せきもりちょう)の地名が残る。源平の古戦場でもあり、一の谷、鵯越(ひよどりごえ)、須磨寺、敦盛塚(あつもりづか)、安徳(あんとく)帝内裏(だいり)跡などがある。須磨寺は正式には上野山福祥寺(しょうやさんふくしょうじ)で、境内に敦盛首洗池などがある。また敦盛が愛用した「青葉の笛」が収納されている。明治以降は山麓(さんろく)や海岸段丘面、海岸沿いに富豪の別荘が建てられ、武庫離宮も置かれた。第二次世界大戦後、離宮や大邸宅跡は公園化され、須磨離宮公園、須磨海浜公園、須磨浦公園などとなった。また背後の高倉山、高尾山などを切り崩し、土砂を神戸市の海面埋め立てに用い、跡地を住宅地に利用する方式がとられ、大住宅団地の建設が行われた。須磨海浜公園に市立の須磨海浜水族館がある。

［二木敏篤］

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