Louis

Japanese: ルイ

(Louis)[1] IX. King of France (reigned 1226-70 ). Son of Louis VIII. He continued the work of Philip II and promoted centralization, while acquiring Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Poitou. He also founded the Sorbonne (later the University of Paris) and worked to promote learning and the arts. He participated in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades, and died of illness in Tunis. He was called Saint Louis. ( 1214-70 )[2] XI. King of France (reigned 1461-83 ). Son of Charles VII. After the Hundred Years' War, he skillfully suppressed the power of the feudal lords, unified the kingdom of Burgundy, Maine, Anjou, and Provence, and reformed the postal system and militia system, and worked to establish a centralized state with a status system. ( 1423-83 )[3] XIII. King of France (reigned 1610-1643 ). Son of Henry IV. He appointed Richelieu to overthrow the power of the nobility, oppressed the Huguenots, and improved France's international status. In particular, he established the foundations of the Bourbon monarchy in opposition to the Habsburgs. ( 1601-1643 ) [4] XIV. King of France (reigned 1643-1715 ). Son of Louis XIII. During his childhood, his mother, Queen Anne, and his Prime Minister, Mazarin, served as regents. During his direct rule from 1661 onwards, he appointed Colbert, preached the divine right of kings, implemented centralist and mercantilist policies domestically, and engaged in the Flanders War, the Dutch War, the War of the Palatinate Succession, and the War of the Spanish Succession to expand his territory. Culturally, he was known as the Sun King during the Golden Age of French culture, centered around the Palace of Versailles, but he suffered from financial difficulties due to repeated wars, and the repeal of the Edict of Nantes caused the Huguenots to flee the country, which hit industry hard, and the contradictions of absolutism became apparent in the latter years of his reign. ( 1638-1715 )[5] XV. King of France (reigned 1715-74 ). Great-grandson of Louis XIV. He weakened the country by interfering in the War of Polish Succession and the War of Austrian Succession, and lost control of Canada and India after losing the Seven Years' War. He favored Madame de Pompadour and others, indulged in luxury, and oppressed the people with heavy taxes, which alienated the people, and the signs of the collapse of the absolute monarchy began to appear. ( 1710-74 )[6] XVI. King of France (reigned 1774-92 ). Grandson of Louis XV. He appointed Turgot and Necker to carry out financial reforms, but failed. In 1789, he convened the Three Estates General, but the Great Revolution broke out. In 1791, he failed in his escape from the country and was forced to ratify the Constitution, but he continued to pursue counter-revolutionary plans, and in 1792 he was suspended from royal power, and in January of the following year he was executed as a traitor. ( 1754-93 )

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

(Louis)[一] 九世。フランス国王（在位一二二六‐七〇）。ルイ八世の子。フィリップ二世の事業を継いで集権化を進める一方、ノルマンディー・アンジュー・メーヌ・ポァトウ地方を獲得。また、ソルボンヌ神学校（のちのパリ大学）を設立、学問・芸術の振興に努めた。第七次・第八次の十字軍に参加し、チュニスで病没。聖ルイと呼ばれる。（一二一四‐七〇）[二] 一一世。フランス国王（在位一四六一‐八三）。シャルル七世の子。百年戦争後巧妙に諸侯の力を抑え、ブルゴーニュ・メーヌ・アンジュー・プロバンスを合わせて王国を統一、郵便制度、民兵制度などを改革して中央集権的身分制国家の確立に努めた。（一四二三‐八三）[三] 一三世。フランス国王（在位一六一〇‐四三）。アンリ四世の子。リシュリューを登用して、貴族勢力の打倒、ユグノーの弾圧、国際的地位の向上を図った。特にハプスブルク家と対抗してブルボン王権の基礎を確立した。（一六〇一‐四三）[四] 一四世。フランス国王（在位一六四三‐一七一五）。ルイ一三世の子。幼少期は母后アンヌ、宰相マザランが摂政。一六六一年以後の親政期にはコルベールを登用、王権神授説を唱え、国内的には中央集権・重商主義政策を遂行、対外的にはフランドル戦争・オランダ戦争・ファルツ継承戦争・スペイン継承戦争を行ない領土の拡大を図った。文化的にはベルサイユ宮殿を中心とするフランス文化の黄金時代にあたり太陽王と呼ばれたが、度重なる戦争のために財政が窮乏、また、ナントの勅令の廃止によってユグノーの国外逃亡を招き産業上の打撃をうけて治世の晩年には絶対主義の矛盾が顕在化した。（一六三八‐一七一五）[五] 一五世。フランス国王（在位一七一五‐七四）。ルイ一四世の曾孫。ポーランド継承戦争、オーストリア継承戦争に干渉して国力を疲弊させ、さらに七年戦争に敗れてカナダ・インドの支配権を失った。ポンパドゥール夫人らを寵愛して奢侈にふけり、重税で国民を圧迫したため民心が離反し、絶対王政解体のきざしがみえ始めた。（一七一〇‐七四）[六] 一六世。フランス国王（在位一七七四‐九二）。ルイ一五世の孫。チュルゴー、ネッケルを登用して財政改革を図ったが失敗。一七八九年三部会を召集したが、大革命が勃発、一七九一年国外逃亡に失敗して憲法の承認を余儀なくされたが、その後も反革命の企図を捨てず、一七九二年王権を停止され、翌年一月裏切者として処刑された。（一七五四‐九三）

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