kazasker

Japanese: kazasker

...The local administrative divisions were eyâlets (provinces), sancaks (provinces), and kazās (counties), and military governors called beylerbeyi and sancakbeyi were dispatched to the first two. The administrators of the kazas were qadis (judges) belonging to the ulama class, who reported directly to the kazasker (best judge) who attended the Imperial Council, and who also presided over the Sharia courts which handled both criminal and civil cases. In this way, the ulama class, such as muftis and qadis, were incorporated into the governing structure and bureaucratized, which is a distinctive feature of the Islamic state system of the empire that differed from that of Iran and Arab dynasties.

From Sadrazam

In wartime, except when the Sultan personally campaigned, he served as the commander-in-chief of the imperial army. However, in religious matters, the Shaykh al-Islam had the final say, and the kazasker (high judge) exercised authority over the appointment and dismissal of judges (qadis). After the 15th century, as the Deusirme system developed, people of non-Turkish ethnic origin were primarily appointed to this position.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "kazasker" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…地方行政区分は，エヤーレトeyâlet(州)，サンジャクsancak(県)，カザーkazā(郡)からなっており，前2者にはそれぞれ，ベイレルベイbeylerbeyi，サンジャクベイsancakbeyiとよばれる軍政官が派遣された。カザーの行政官はウラマー層に属するカーディー(裁判官)であったが，彼は御前会議に列席する大法官(カザスケルkazasker)に直属し，同時に，刑事･民事訴訟の双方を取り扱うシャリーア法廷を主宰した。このように，ムフティーやカーディーのごときウラマー層が統治機構の一端に組みこまれ，官僚化されたところに，帝国のイスラム国家体制の，イランやアラブ諸王朝とは異なる特徴がある。…

【サドラザム】より

…戦時，スルタン親征以外の場合は，帝国軍総司令官を務めた。ただし，宗教的事がらに関しては，シェイヒュル･イスラム(シャイフ･アルイスラーム)が最終的決定権を有し，裁判官(カーディー)の任免についてはカザスケルkazasker(大法官)が権限を行使した。15世紀以後，デウシルメ制が発展すると，非トルコ系諸民族出身者が主としてこの職に任命された。…

※「kazasker」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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