Jahangir (English spelling)

The fourth emperor of the Mughal Empire in India (reigned 1605-27). His name was Salim, the legitimate son of Akbar. His mother was a Rajput. He rebelled twice in his father's later years, but they reconciled, and after his father's death, he ascended to the throne in Agra and called himself Jahangir (conqueror of the world). He largely followed his father's religious tolerant policy, and also awarded high ranks (mansabs) to new and old nobles to secure their loyalty, suppressed the rebellion of his legitimate son Khusrow, and subjugated the stubborn Rajput people of Mewar, thereby maintaining the stability of his rule. However, he became addicted to alcohol, and his health deteriorated from around 1622, and conspiracies for the succession to the throne intensified, and he died in the midst of the chaos caused by the sole authority of the Empress Nur Jahan's family and the rebellion of the third prince Shah Jahan and others. His memoirs show that he was an enthusiast of painting and literature, and a lover of nature.

[Hiroshi Nagashima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

インド、ムガル帝国第4代の皇帝（在位1605～27）。アクバルの嫡子で、名はサリーム。母はラージプート人。父帝の晩年に二度謀反したが和解し、父の死後アグラで即位し、ジャハーンギール（世界征服者）と称した。父の宗教的寛容政策をほぼ踏襲し、また新旧貴族に高い禄位(ろくい)（マンサブ）を与えてその忠誠を取り付け、嫡子ホスローの乱を鎮圧し、頑強なメワールのラージプート人を服属させるなど支配の安定を維持した。しかし、酒におぼれて、1622年ごろから健康が衰えると、皇位継承の陰謀が激化し、皇后ヌール・ジャハーン一族の専権と第3皇子シャー・ジャハーンらの反乱による混乱中に崩じた。彼の回想録は、彼が絵画、文学を解し、自然の愛好者であったことを示している。

［長島　弘］

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