Man of Aran

Japanese: 《Man of Aran》(英語表記)ManofAran
Man of Aran

...In 1912, British filmmaker Herbert G. Ponting accompanied Robert Scott's Antarctic Expedition and made the 1.5-minute documentary Scott's Antarctic Expedition, which caused a stir (later compiled in 1933 under the title Ninety Parallels South). These films were called "travelogues," and the forerunner of so-called "documentaries" is said to be Flaherty's 1922 film A Mystery of the North, which depicts the harsh daily life of the Eskimos. Flaherty caught the attention of the major Hollywood company Paramount, with whom he made Moana, and was then asked to collaborate on two feature films, White Shadows in the South Seas (1928) directed by W. S. Van Dyke and Taboo (1931) directed by F. W. Murnau. However, he was unable to come to terms with the commercialism of Hollywood, so he traveled to England, where he was given complete freedom by producer Michael Balcon, and made Man of Aran (1934), a film depicting the lives of humans struggling against the harsh elements on an isolated island in the Aran Islands in Northern Ireland. His achievements as a pioneer in the documentary film led to him being called the ``father of the documentary.''
[Pre-World War II documentaries]
In America, in addition to Flaherty's works, the duo Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, who would later produce the special effects monster film King Kong (1933), produced films such as Above Ground (1926), about nomadic Iranian peoples, Chang (1927), about rice farmers in Thailand, and The African Expedition (1923), in which explorers Martin E. Johnson and his wife filmed the ecology of wild animals.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Man of Aran" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…12年にはイギリスのハーバート・G.ポンティングがロバート・スコットの南極探険隊に同行して1時間30分の記録映画《スコットの南極探険隊》を撮って反響を呼んだが(のち1933年には《南緯九十度》の題でまとめた),それらは〈紀行映画〉と呼ばれ,いわゆる〈ドキュメンタリー〉の先駆は,フラハティがエスキモーのきびしい日常生活のたたかいを描いた《極北の怪異》(1922)とされる。フラハティはハリウッドのメジャー会社パラマウントに注目されて《モアナ》を撮り,つづいてW・S・バン・ダイク監督の《南海の白影》(1928)とF.W.ムルナウ監督の《タブウ》(1931)という2本の〈劇映画〉に協力させられるが,ハリウッドの商業主義と折り合いがつかず,イギリスに渡り,プロデューサーのマイケル・バルコンに完全な自由をあたえられて,北アイルランドのアラン諸島の孤島できびしい自然とたたかう人間の生活を描いた《アランMan of Aran》(1934)をつくり,ドキュメンタリーの先駆的開拓者としての業績によって,〈ドキュメンタリーの父〉と評されるに至った。
[第2次大戦前のドキュメンタリー]
 アメリカでは,フラハティの作品のほか,のちに特撮怪獣映画《キング・コング》(1933)を製作するメリアン・C.クーパーとアーネスト・B.シェードサックのコンビが,遊牧イラン民族を描いた《地上》(1926)やタイの稲作農民を描いた《チャング》(1927),探険家マーティン・E.ジョンソン夫妻が野獣の生態を撮影した《アフリカ遠征》(1923)などがつくられた。…

※「《Man of Aran》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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