External rotation surgery - Gaikai Tenjutsu (English) external version

Japanese: 外回転術 - がいかいてんじゅつ（英語表記）external version

When the fetus is in a breech position (breech baby) or transverse position (lying down), this is a procedure to correct the fetus's position by rotating it from above the abdominal wall so that it is head-down. The amount of amniotic fluid during pregnancy is at its highest around the 7th and 8th months, and the fetus floating in it is often in a breech position at that time (around 20%), but this decreases to around 5% as delivery approaches. This is called natural rotation. Therefore, there is no point in correcting a breech presentation around the 7th and 8th months. Therefore, if an external cephalic version is to be performed, it would be performed after the 9th month (32 weeks of pregnancy), but by that time the amniotic fluid has decreased and it is not easy to rotate the fetus in the narrow uterine cavity.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

胎児の位置が骨盤位(逆児（さかご）)や横位(横たわった位置)にあるとき，頭が下になる頭位となるように腹壁上から胎児を回転させる胎位矯正術をいう。妊娠中の羊水量は第7～8月ごろ最も多く，その中に浮いている胎児はそのころ骨盤位をとることが多い(20％くらい)が，分娩が近づくと5％くらいに減少する。これを自然回転という。したがって第7～8月ごろの骨盤位を矯正しても意味がない。そこで外回転術を行うとすれば第9月(妊娠満32週)以降に行うわけであるが，そのころには羊水が減少していて，狭い子宮腔内で胎児を回転させることは容易ではない。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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