A general term for machines used in press processing. Two or more pairs of tools are moved relative to one another to shape the workpiece sandwiched between the tools. Based on the power mechanism, presses can be broadly divided into hand presses operated by human power and power presses driven by power. Here are some representative examples of industrial power presses. (1) Crank press This is the most common press, in which the rotation of a flywheel is converted into reciprocating linear motion by a crank mechanism, and the upper die (attached to the end of the ram) is raised and lowered to perform the work. A cam-type double-acting press is one with cam devices on both sides of the crankshaft to hold down the material, a toggle double-acting press is one with a booster device instead of a crank mechanism, an eccentric press is one that uses an eccentric shaft instead of a crankshaft, and a crankless press is one that uses an eccentric gear. A press brake, a type of crank press, is used to bend long objects such as steel or aluminum sashes and shutters, and can also be used for forming, drilling, drawing, and other processes. (2) Friction press: A flywheel attached to the screw is rotated by a friction wheel, giving a reciprocating linear motion to the upper die at the bottom end of the screw. Since the entire energy of the flywheel is released all at once in a short period of time, this type of press is suitable for punching, but not for drawing. (3) Hydraulic press: High-pressure water or oil is sent into a cylinder, and the upper die at the tip is moved back and forth by a ram (a large piston) to perform processing. It has the advantages of being able to easily adjust the stroke and maintain a pressurized state at any desired level, and is used for drawing and bending large materials. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
プレス加工に用いる機械の総称。2個以上の対をなす工具を相対運動させ,工具間にはさんだ被加工材を成形する。動力機構から分類すると,人力によるハンドプレスと動力駆動によるパワープレスとに大別できる。ここでは工業的なパワープレスの代表例をあげる。 (1) クランクプレス 最も一般的なプレスで,はずみ車の回転をクランク機構によって往復直線運動に変え,上型 (ラム部先端に取付ける) を上下させて作業する。クランク軸の両側にカム装置を設け,素材を押えるようにしたものをカム式複動プレス,クランク機構ではなく倍力装置としたものをトグル複動プレス,クランク軸の代りに偏心軸を用いるものをエキセンプレス,偏心歯車を使用するものをクランクレスプレスという。クランクプレスの一種であるプレスブレーキは,スチールやアルミニウムサッシ,シャッタなどの長尺物を折り曲げる場合に用いられ,成形,穴あけ,絞りなどの加工にも流用できる。 (2) 摩擦プレス (フリクションプレス) ねじに取付けられているはずみ車を摩擦車によって回転させ,ねじ下端部の上型に往復直線運動を与えて作業する。はずみ車の全エネルギーを短時間で一度に放出して作業するので,打抜き加工には適するが,絞り加工には不向きである。 (3) 液圧プレス 高圧の水または油をシリンダに送り,ラム (大きなピストン) によって先端の上型を往復運動させて加工する。行程が容易に調節でき,加圧状態を任意に保持できる長所をもち,大型素材の絞りや曲げ加工などに使用される。
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