Born: 20 October 1632, East Noyle Died: 25 February 1723. Hampton Court. British architect and scientist. His father was a clergyman. From an early age he showed great talent in natural sciences, and in 1653 he received a master's degree from Oxford University. In 1661 he became professor of astronomy at the same university. It was around this time that he developed an interest in architecture, and designed the Sheldon Memorial Hall at the same university (1662-63). In 1664-65 he visited Paris, where he met G. Bernini, and studied under J. H. Mansart and L. Le Beau. After returning to London, he proposed a large-scale urban reconstruction plan in the wake of the Great Fire of London (1666), and in 1669 he was appointed Inspector General of Architecture. Although his urban plan was never realized, he completed 52 cathedrals and many other buildings, including his masterpieces St. Paul's Cathedral (1775-1710), St. Mary-le-Beau Cathedral (1670-77), and St. Stephen's Cathedral (1672-87). He also designed the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge (1676-1784), the Royal Hospital, Chelsea (1682), the Eastern Extension of Hampton Court Palace (1689-1701), and Greenwich Hospital (construction started in 1696, completed posthumously). During this time he worked as an astronomer, studying comets and the rings of Saturn, and was a founding member of the Royal Society, serving as its third president from 1781 to 1783. He served as a Member of Parliament from 1785 to 1787 and from 1701 to 1702, and is said to have been a Freemason. Ren |
[生]1632.10.20. イーストノイル [没]1723.2.25. ハンプトンコート イギリスの建築家,科学者。父は牧師。幼時から自然科学にすぐれた才能を示し,1653年にオックスフォード大学修士号を取得。 61年同大学天文学教授。この頃から建築に関心を寄せ,同大学のシェルドン記念講堂 (1662~63) を設計。 64~65年パリを訪れ,G.ベルニーニに会い,また,J.H.マンサール,L.ル・ボーらに学ぶ。帰国後ロンドンの大火 (66) を機に大規模な都市再建計画を提案,69年には建築総監に任命された。都市計画は実現しなかったが,代表作セント・ポール大聖堂 (75~1710) ,セント・メリー・ル・ボー聖堂 (1670~77) ,セント・スチーブン聖堂 (72~87) をはじめ,52の聖堂ほか多数の建築を完成した。ほかにケンブリッジ大学のトリニティ・カレッジ図書館 (76~84) ,チェルシー王立病院 (82) ,ハンプトン・コート宮殿東部増築 (89~1701) ,グリニッジ病院 (1696着工,死後完成) なども設計。その間天文学者として,彗星や土星の輪を研究し,ロイヤル・ソサエティの創立委員として,81~83年には3代会長をつとめた。 85~87年と 1701~02年には下院議員をつとめており,フリーメーソンに属していたともいわれる。 レン
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