Jihad

Japanese: ジハード
Jihad
Jihad originally meant "effort" or "struggle" and is often translated as "holy war" in Japan, but strictly speaking this is not correct. Jihad is based on the Islamic holy book, the Quran, which commands people to strive in the way of God. Jihad originates from the verb root jahada, which means "to strive" or "to make an effort" in the phrase "Strive in the way of God" in the Quran, and in Arabic it means "striving for a goal, making an effort." However, in the Quran, this word is also used to refer to fighting with infidels, and it can be said that this has changed to mean "holy war," which refers to the subjugation of infidels and war with non-Muslims. In the early Islamic worldview, in order to expand the "Islamic land" ruled by Sharia, constant missionary work in other "war land" was considered the duty of all believers to strive, and jihad came to be understood as the use of force to do so. Later, the idea of ​​jihad came to be applied to anti-authority struggles that condemned established rulers as "apostates," to fighting between Islamic countries, and even to resistance against the rule of Western powers; furthermore, Islamic extremists who advocated the achievement of total rule under Islamic law through the use of force came to be called jihadists.
→Related topics: IS | Al-Qaeda | Islamic extremists | Islamic militant group | East Turkistan Islamic Movement | Fulbe | Mahdist | Mujahideen Movement

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
ジハードは本来〈努力〉〈奮闘〉の意味で,日本では〈聖戦〉と訳されることが多いが,厳密には正しくない。ジハードは,イスラームの聖典《コーラン(クルアーン)》が神の道において奮闘せよと命じていることが根拠とされる。ジハードは,《コーラン》に出てくる〈神の道のために奮闘することに務めよ〉という句のなかの〈奮闘する〉〈努力する〉にあたる動詞の語根jahada(ジャハダ)を語源としており,アラビア語では〈ある目標をめざした奮闘,努力〉という意味。しかし,《コーラン》においてはこの言葉が異教徒との戦いを指す場合にも使われており,これが異教徒討伐や非イスラム教徒との戦争をあらわす〈聖戦〉の意に転じたといえる。初期イスラムの世界観においては,シャリーアが支配する〈イスラムの地〉を拡大するため,それ以外の〈戦争の地〉に対する不断の宣教が教徒全体の奮闘義務とされ,これを武力に訴えるものがジハードであると解されるようになった。のちには,既成の権力者を〈背教者〉と断罪する反権力闘争や,イスラム諸国間の戦闘,さらには西欧列強の支配に対する抵抗などにもジハードの理念が援用されるようになり,さらにイスラム法による全面統治を武力によって実現すると主張するイスラム過激派をジハード主義者と呼ぶようになった。
→関連項目IS|アル・カーイダ|イスラム過激派|イスラム武装勢力|東トルキスタンイスラム運動|フルベ|マフディー派|ムジャーヒディーン運動

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