1865‐1939 British astronomer. He graduated from Cambridge University in 1886 and began working at the Royal Observatory in 1891. He spent 36 years there, until his retirement in 1927, observing the position of the moon using a theodolite and then the obscuring stars using an equatorial mount. He later worked on calculating the orbits and positions of asteroids and other stars, and eventually became famous for determining the orbits and predicting the positions of newly discovered celestial bodies. In 1907-08, he worked with PH Cowell to trace the return of Halley's Comet back to 240 BC and match it with ancient observation records, and the predicted position he calculated for the 1910 return was only three days earlier than the actual date and time of the perihelion. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1865‐1939 イギリスの天文学者。1886年ケンブリッジ大学を卒業し,91年にグリニジ天文台に職を得,その後1927年に退職するまでの36年間,同所において経緯儀による月の位置観測を手始めに,赤道儀による星のえんぺいやすい星の位置観測を続けた。その後は小惑星やすい星の軌道計算や位置推算にも従事して,やがて新発見天体の軌道の決定や予報位置の計算者として著名になった。1907‐08年にはカウエルP.H.Cowellに協力してハレーすい星の回帰運動を前240年にまでさかのぼって追跡して古代の観測記録と対応させ,また1910年の回帰について計算した予報位置は,実際の近日点通過の日時より3日早かったにすぎない。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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