Awaji Province - Awaji no Kuni

The old name of Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture. It is said to mean the road to Awa, and was one of the provinces of the Nankaido, divided into two districts, Tsuna and Mihara. The provincial government office was located in Enami-go (present Minami-Awaji City), and there were miyake (storehouses) in Enami, Gunke, and Toga. According to the Engishiki, the domestic products of Awaji included fish, koso (tribute), swords, bows, arrows, yanagui (a Japanese sardine), medicinal herbs, and Awaji ink, and it is said that the province also provided 1,000 jin of shishi (poultry and animal meat), 1,300 jin of small fish, and salt as tributes. According to the Wamyōshō and Shūgaishō, the area of ​​cultivated land was recorded as about 2,800 chobu, and although it was in the lower provinces, it occupied an important position as a key point on the Nankai road. In the Awaji no Kuni Otabumi (1223), there are 23 manors and 14 provincial government territories, including Torikai no sho (the territory of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine) and Kashio no sho (the territory of Koyasan Hodōin Temple). Sasaki Tsunetaka, who was appointed shugo in 1185 (Bun'ji 1), also served in Awa and Tosa, but sided with the retired emperor during the Jokyu Rebellion (1221) and was destroyed, and Naganuma Munemasa took his place. In 1340 (Kokoku 1, Ryakuo 3) during the Nanboku-cho civil war, Awa shugo Hosokawa Yoriharu's younger brother, Motodai, took control of Awaji and established a shugosho in Yagigo, and the Hosokawa clan continued to rule Awaji until his descendant Naoharu was defeated by Miyoshi Nagateru in 1507 (Eisho 4). Miyoshi Nagayoshi, who came from Awa and took control of the Muromachi Shogunate, placed his younger brother Ataka Fuyuyasu in Yura Castle and had him rule over the entire Awaji region, but his son Kiyoyasu surrendered to Oda Nobunaga in 1581 (Tensho 9), and Sengoku Hidehisa entered Awaji, and in 1585 (Tensho 13), Wakizaka Yasuharu entered Sumoto Castle with a fief of 33,000 koku. In 1610 (Keicho 15), Ikeda Tadao entered the region as lord with a fief of 63,000 koku, but in 1615 (Genwa 1), Tadao became lord of Bizen Domain, and Awaji came under direct control of the Shogunate. In the same year, Hachisuka Yoshishige, the lord of Tokushima, was bestowed 63,000 koku of land in Awaji Province, excluding the Iwaya Tenryo, and in 1617, Iwaya was also added to his estate, which made it part of the Tokushima Domain's territory until the domain's return to the Emperor. The Hachisuka clan stationed their chief retainer as the lord of Sumoto Castle, and dispatched samurai to manage the civil administration of the entire Awaji region. When the domains were abolished and prefectures were established in July 1871 (Meiji 4), 43 villages in Tsuna County came under the jurisdiction of Hyogo Prefecture, and the rest were included in Tokushima Prefecture. However, when Tokushima Prefecture was renamed Myodo Prefecture in November of the same year, the entire Awaji Island was incorporated into the jurisdiction of Myodo Prefecture. Furthermore, when Myodo Prefecture was merged into Kochi Prefecture in 1876, the entire Awaji Island was incorporated into the jurisdiction of Hyogo Prefecture, where it remains to this day.

[Akio Miyoshi]

"History of Sumoto City" (1974, Sumoto City) ▽ "History of Mihara County" (1979, Mihara County Town and Village Association) ▽ "Kataiwakusa" edited by Watanabe Gekki and annotated by Niimi Kanji (1971, Meishu Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

兵庫県淡路島の旧国名。阿波(あわ)への路の意味をもつと伝えられ、南海道の一国で、津名(つな)、三原(みはら)の両郡に分かれていた。国衙(こくが)は榎列(えなみ)郷（現、南あわじ市）に置かれ、榎列、郡家(ぐんけ)、外賀(とが)には屯倉(みやけ)が置かれていた。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』には国産品として魚、貢蘇(こうそ)、横刀、弓、征箭(そや)、胡簶(やなぐい)、零陵香(れいりょうこう)（薬草）、淡路墨を産し、調物として宍(しし)（鳥獣肉）1000斤と雑魚(ざこ)1300斤のほか塩も納めたとされている。『和名抄(わみょうしょう)』や『拾芥抄(しゅうがいしょう)』によると耕地面積が約2800町歩ほどあったと記録されており、下国(げこく)だが南海道の要衝として重要な位置を占めていた。『淡路国大田文(おおたぶみ)』（1223）には、鳥飼荘(とりかいのしょう)（石清水八幡宮(いわしみずはちまんぐう)領）や賀集(かしお)荘（高野山(こうやさん)宝幢院(ほうどういん)領）をはじめ、23の荘園(しょうえん)と14の国衙領が存在している。1185年（文治1）守護に補任(ぶにん)された佐々木経高(つねたか)は阿波、土佐をも兼務したが、承久(じょうきゅう)の乱（1221）のとき上皇方に味方して滅亡し、かわって長沼宗政(むねまさ)が入部している。南北朝内乱期の1340年（興国1・暦応3）には、阿波の守護細川頼春(よりはる)の弟師代が淡路を制圧し、養宜(やぎ)郷に守護所を設け、1507年（永正4）に子孫の尚春(なおはる)が三好長輝(ながてる)に倒されるまで、細川氏による淡路支配が続いた。阿波から出て室町幕府の実権を握った三好長慶(ながよし)は、弟の安宅冬康(あたかふゆやす)を由良(ゆら)城に置いて淡路を一円支配させたが、その子清康は1581年（天正9）織田信長に降(くだ)り、淡路には仙石秀久(せんごくひでひさ)が入部、また1585年（天正13）脇坂安治(わきざかやすはる)が洲本(すもと)城に入り3万3000石を領した。さらに1610年（慶長15）池田忠雄が6万3000石の領主として入部したが、1615年（元和1）に忠雄は備前(びぜん)藩主に転じたため、淡路は幕府の直轄地となった。同年に徳島藩主蜂須賀至鎮(はちすかよししげ)は、岩屋の天領を除く淡路国6万3000石を拝領し、1617年には岩屋をも加増されたことによって、版籍奉還まで徳島藩領となっていた。蜂須賀氏は筆頭家老を洲本城代として常駐させるとともに、藩士を派遣して、淡路一円の民政にあたらせた。1871年（明治4）7月の廃藩置県のとき、津名郡43か村は兵庫県の管轄となり、ほかは徳島県に含まれた。しかし同年11月に徳島県が名東(みょうどう)県と改称されたとき、淡路全島は名東県管内に編入。さらに、1876年に名東県が高知県に合併されたとき、淡路全島は兵庫県管内に編入され、今日に至っている。

［三好昭一郎］

『『洲本市史』（1974・洲本市）』▽『『三原郡史』（1979・三原郡町村会）』▽『渡辺月石編・新見貫次校注『堅岩草』（1971・名著出版）』

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