Sanriku offshore earthquake

Japanese: 三陸沖地震 - さんりくおきじしん
Sanriku offshore earthquake

An earthquake that occurs on the Pacific coast of Aomori and Iwate prefectures, and off the coast of Sanriku. Because it occurs along the Japan Trench, about 200 kilometers offshore from the coast, the seismic intensity on land is weak, at V or less, but about 30 minutes to an hour after the earthquake, a large tsunami strikes the coasts of Hokkaido, Tohoku, and the Kanto region. Major past major earthquakes are as follows:


Major mega-earthquakes off the coast of Sanriku
(1) Date of occurrence: February 17, 1793 (Kansei 5) Scale (M): 8.2
Fault type: Reverse fault?
Deaths: 12 or 13
(2) Date of occurrence: June 15, 1896 (Meiji 29) Scale (M): 8.5*
Fault type: Reverse fault Fatalities (people): 21,959
(3) Date of occurrence: March 3, 1933 (Showa 8) Scale (M): 8.1
Fault type: Normal fault Fatalities (people): 3,008
(Note: The theory that the earthquake was 6.8 is also widely accepted. The M in the scale stands for magnitude. According to sources such as the Rika Nenpyo (1986))

The waves were particularly high on the ria coast of the Sanriku region, with the highest wave height exceeding 30 meters in the earthquake (2) above. There were many aftershocks in (1) and (2), but fewer in (3). The number of deaths in (1) was small, but both (2) and (3) caused significant deaths. The Sanriku coast was hit by successive tsunamis after this earthquake, so measures were taken such as building seawalls and moving settlements to higher ground. The tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached as far away as Hawaii about six hours later, and further reached the coasts of North America and Chile.

[Usami Tatsuo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

青森、岩手両県の太平洋岸、三陸沖に発生する地震。沿岸から約200キロメートル沖の日本海溝沿いに発生するので、陸上での震度はV以下と弱いが、地震後約30分から1時間で、北海道から東北、関東地方沿岸を襲う大津波が発生している。過去のおもな大地震は以下のとおりである。


●三陸沖のおもな巨大地震
(1)発生年月日 1793年(寛政5)2月17日
 規模(M) 8.2
 断層型 逆断層?
 死者(人) 12か13
(2)発生年月日 1896年(明治29)6月15日
 規模(M) 8.5*
 断層型 逆断層
 死者(人) 21,959
(3)発生年月日 1933年(昭和8)3月3日
 規模(M) 8.1
 断層型 正断層
 死者(人) 3,008
(注:*については6.8説も有力。規模のMはマグニチュード。『理科年表』(1986)等による)

 三陸地方のリアス式海岸ではとくに波高が高くなり、上記の(2)の地震での最高波高は30メートルを超えた。(1)と(2)では余震が多く、(3)では少なかった。(1)による死者数は少なかったが、(2)、(3)ではともに甚大な死者を出した。この地震では三陸沿岸は相次いで津波に襲われるので、防潮堤を築いたり、集落を高地に移動させたり、対策を講じている。津波は太平洋を横切って、約6時間後に遠くハワイまで達し、さらに北アメリカ沿岸、チリ沿岸などにまで達している。

[宇佐美龍夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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