A virgin goddess in Greek mythology. Daughter of Zeus and Leto. Twin sister of Apollo. In Roman mythology, she is identified with Diana. Young and beautiful, she loves hunting, and armed with a bow and arrow, she races through the mountains and fields in pursuit of deer. Her arrows are sometimes aimed at humans, bringing a painless death to women in childbirth. This goddess is also vindictive, and her victims are many. When Niobe insulted her mother Leto, she retribution by slaughtering her daughters, and she also shot and killed Titios, who was about to rape Leto. Furthermore, the giant hunter Orion, who incurred the goddess' wrath, died from the venom of a scorpion sent by the goddess, and Actaeon, who saw Artemis bathing naked, was transformed into a deer and eaten by dogs. Agamemnon had provoked the goddess and was forced to sacrifice his daughter Iphigeneia at the Boeotian port city of Aulis. Artemis was worshipped in all mountainous regions of ancient Greece, including Arcadia, Sparta and Laconia. Her most famous temple is at Ephesus, where her multi-breasted statue shows influences from Asiatic earth goddesses. Although she is generally interpreted as the personification of the moon, her worship is not entirely lunar-related; she also had a strong character as a goddess who ruled over wild beasts, and even had a frightening side, demanding human sacrifice, as seen in the Taurian Artemis statue. [Masahiro Ogawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア神話の処女神。ゼウスとレトの娘。アポロンの双子の妹。ローマ神話ではディアナと同一視されている。若くて美しい彼女は狩りを好み、弓矢で武装して山野を駆け鹿(しか)を追う。その矢はときに人間にも向けられ、産褥(さんじょく)の女に苦痛のない死をもたらす。またこの女神は執念深く、犠牲者は多い。母親レトを侮辱したニオベに対しては、その娘たちを殺戮(さつりく)することで報い、レトを犯そうとしたティティオスをも射ち殺した。さらに女神の怒りを買った巨人の狩人(かりゅうど)オリオンは、女神が贈ったサソリの毒で死に、水浴するアルテミスの裸身を見たアクタイオンは鹿に変身させられ、犬の餌食(えじき)とされた。アガメムノンは女神を挑発したため、ボイオティアの港市アウリスで娘イフィゲネイアを犠牲に捧(ささ)げねばならなかった。アルテミスは、アルカディア、スパルタ、ラコニアなどの古代ギリシアのすべての山間地域で崇拝された。もっとも有名な神殿はエフェソスにあり、多数の乳房をもつその女神像には、アジア的な地母神の影響が認められる。またアルテミスは、一般に月の擬人化として解釈されているが、その信仰はすべてが月に関連するわけではなく、野獣を支配する女神としての性格も濃厚で、さらにタウリスのアルテミス像のように、人身御供(ひとみごくう)を要求するという恐ろしい一面も備えている。 [小川正広] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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