Salamanca - Saramanka (English spelling)

Japanese: サラマンカ - さらまんか(英語表記)Salamanca
Salamanca - Saramanka (English spelling)

It is the capital of Salamanca Province in the Leon region in central-western Spain. It is located on the right bank of the Tormes River, a tributary of the Duero River, at an altitude of 803 meters. It has a population of 156,368 (2001). It is a distribution center for agricultural products such as wheat and beans grown in the vast Meseta (plateau) surrounding it, and is also involved in commerce, agricultural product processing, and chemical and textile industries. It was the site of the University of Salamanca, founded by Alfonso IX in the early 13th century, and at the time it was widely known as a first-class university on a par with Oxford, Paris, and Bologna, with 7,000 students enrolled in the 16th century. With the establishment of the university, the town flourished as one of Europe's leading academic and cultural centers. Today, it is a historic city that retains many medieval buildings, and its center is the central square (built 1720-30) surrounded by arcades with statues of historical figures. To the south of the city, the 12th century Romanesque old cathedral and the 16th century Gothic new cathedral stand side by side, and to the west of them remains the building of the medieval university. There are also many other historical sites and landmarks, such as a Roman bridge and theater. The old town was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1988 (World Cultural Heritage).

[Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa]

history

It is said that the city was inhabited by Ligurians and then Celts in ancient times. In 217 BC, Hannibal of Carthage destroyed the city and approached Rome, but it became a Roman province during the Second Punic War and became part of Lusitania. During this period, it was called Salmantica and developed as a stopover on the "Silver Road" to Seville. After the rule of the Visigoths, it became a bishopric at the Council of Toledo in the 7th century, but was occupied by Muslims until the 11th century, and was recaptured by Alfonso VI in the early 12th century. In the latter half of the same century, the Cortes (parliament) was convened here by Ferdinand II of the Kingdom of Leon, and the city was granted special privileges. After the founding of the University of Salamanca in the early 13th century, the city sided with the rebels during the Comunidades Revolt in the 16th century, and in 1812, a major battle was fought against the French invading army. During the Spanish Civil War, it became a base for the rebels.

[Yasuhiro Fukazawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スペイン中西部、レオン地方サラマンカ県の県都。ドゥエロ川支流のトルメス川右岸、標高803メートルに位置する。人口15万6368(2001)。周辺の広大なメセタ(台地)で栽培される小麦、豆類などの農産物の集散地で、商業、農産物加工および化学・繊維工業も行われる。13世紀初頭アルフォンソ9世創設のサラマンカ大学の所在地で、当時、大学はオックスフォード、パリ、ボローニャと並ぶ第一級の大学として広く知られ、16世紀には7000人の学生が在学した。大学の設立によって町はヨーロッパ有数の学術、文化の中心地として栄えた。今日では中世の建築物を多く残す歴史的都市で、歴史上の人物の彫像があるアーケードに囲まれた中央広場(1720~30建設)がその中心である。市街の南には、12世紀ロマネスク様式の旧聖堂と16世紀ゴシック様式の新聖堂が相接して建ち、その西方に中世の大学の建物が残る。このほかにもローマ時代の橋や劇場など、歴史的名所、旧跡が多い。旧市街は1988年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

[田辺 裕・滝沢由美子]

歴史

古代にリグリア人、ついでケルト人が居住したといわれる。紀元前217年にカルタゴのハンニバルがこの町を破壊してローマに迫ったが、第二次ポエニ戦争でローマの属領となり、ルシタニアの一部となった。この時代にサルマンティカSalmanticaとよばれ、セビーリャまでの「銀の道」の経由地として発達した。西ゴート人の支配後、7世紀のトレド宗教会議で司教管区となったが、その後11世紀までイスラム教徒に占領され、12世紀初頭アルフォンソ6世によって奪回された。同世紀後半、ここでレオン王国のフェルナンド2世によってコルテス(議会)が招集され、同市には特権が与えられた。13世紀前半のサラマンカ大学創設を経て、16世紀のコムニダーデスの反乱の際には反乱側につき、1812年にはフランス侵入軍と大戦闘が行われた。スペイン内戦中は反乱派の拠点となった。

[深澤安博]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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