One of three classifications of terrestrial plants, xerophytic, mesophytic, and wet, based on the moisture conditions of the habitat. Xerophytes grow in arid areas where there is a lack of moisture in the air or soil, or in places where it is physiologically difficult to absorb water due to low temperatures and excessive salinity, such as high mountains, cold areas, and salty areas. They have the ability to withstand continuous wilting without suffering much damage to their growth, that is, they have extremely high drought resistance. This is because the morphological structure of the leaves (developed cuticle, sunken stomata, dense hairs, waxy skin, etc.) reduces transpiration, and the ability to retain sugars and electrolytes in the cell sap prevents the loss of moisture within the plant body. Cacti and succulents also store a large amount of water within their bodies, and their surface area is small relative to their volume, reducing transpiration. [Nobuhiko Ohga] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
陸上植物を生育地の水分条件によって、乾生、中生、湿生の三つに分類したうちの一つ。乾生植物は、大気や土壌中の水分が不足する乾燥地や、高山、寒地、塩地などのような低温や塩分過多のために生理的に吸水困難な場所に生育する植物で、生育のための害をほとんど受けることなく、継続的な萎凋(いちょう)(しおれる)状態に耐える能力、つまり著しく高い耐乾性をもっている。それは葉の形態学的構造(クチクラの発達、気孔の陥没、密生した毛、蝋皮(ろうひ)など)によって蒸散作用を低下させたり、細胞液中に糖分や電解質を保持する能力をもって植物体内の水分が喪失するのを防ぐためである。また、サボテンや多肉植物は植物体内に多量の水を蓄え、体表面積が容積のわりに小さく、蒸散を減らしている。 [大賀宣彦] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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