A solemn triple-beat dance popular in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was originally a fast dance originating from Andalusia, Spain, or Latin America. It was popular in the Spanish court in the 16th century, but was banned for being too unrestrained and sensual. However, when it spread to the French court in the early 17th century, its tempo gradually slowed down and it changed into a more elegant dance. In dance suites of the late 17th and 18th centuries, it was placed after the courante and before the gigue. In keyboard music around this time, two types of sarabandes were developed: the melodic "light sarabande" that incorporated lute styles, and the "solemn sarabande" that was centered on chords and had an accent on the second beat. The latter became mainstream in the mid-18th century (Rameau, Bach, Handel). The sarabande disappeared once in the 19th century, but was revived in the early 20th century as a dance with an old elegant atmosphere (Debussy, Satie, Stravinsky). [Toshiko Sekine] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
17、18世紀にヨーロッパで流行した荘重な3拍子の舞曲。本来はスペインのアンダルシア地方、もしくはラテンアメリカに由来する急速な踊りであった。16世紀のスペイン宮廷で流行したが、奔放で官能的すぎるという理由で禁止された。ところが17世紀初めにフランス宮廷に広まったころから、テンポがしだいに遅くなり、優雅な踊りへと変わっていく。17世紀後半と18世紀の舞踊組曲では、クーラントの後、ジーグの前に置かれるようになった。またこのころ鍵盤(けんばん)曲では、リュート様式を取り入れた旋律的な「軽いサラバンド」と、和音が中心となり2拍目にアクセントをもつ「荘重なサラバンド」の2種類が展開したが、18世紀中ごろには後者のほうが主流となっていく(ラモー、バッハ、ヘンデル)。サラバンドは19世紀に一度姿を消すが、20世紀初めに昔の優雅な雰囲気を漂わせた舞曲として復活する(ドビュッシー、サティ、ストラビンスキー)。 [関根敏子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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