Arthur, Chester Alan

Japanese: アーサー（英語表記）Arthur, Chester Alan

Born October 5, 1829 in North Fairfield, Vermont
[Died] November 18, 1886. New York, New York. American politician. 21st President (in office 1881-85). After graduating from Union College in New York State, he became a lawyer. He joined the Republican Party when it was founded. He held several public offices in New York State during the Civil War. In 1871, he was appointed Collector of Customs at the Port of New York by President U. Grant, but was dismissed by President R. Hayes in 1878 for violating an executive order. In 1880, he was elected Vice President under President J. Garfield. Following the assassination of President Garfield, he became President on September 20, 1881. During his presidency, he enacted the Pendleton Act (1883), which abolished the party-based appointment system that had been in place since President A. Jackson and introduced a merit-based appointment system into the civil service system.

Arthur
Arthur

A Briton king who is said to have been active in the 6th century in Britain (now England). His existence cannot be confirmed by inscriptions or other sources, and his deeds are only known through legend. To repel the West Saxons who were invading from the middle of the Thames, he united the Welsh Britons, won victories in various places, and defended Christianity. According to another legend, he was a soldier in the service of the Briton king, and led a group of knights trained in the Roman army to defeat the Saxons everywhere. In early Welsh literature, he became the hero of the Arthurian legend.

Arthur
Arthur of Brittany

Born: March 29, 1187, Nantes
[Died] April 3, 1203? Duke of Rouen, Brittany. Son of Geoffrey, the third son of King Henry II of England, and Constance, the heir to Conan, Count of Brittany. In 1190, he was designated the heir to the English throne by his uncle, Richard I, but after the death of Richard I, John became king, and he opposed him with the support of King Philip II of France. However, he was captured at Mirebeau in 1202, and executed in Rouen on April 3 of the following year.

Arthur
Arthur

Born: September 20, 1486.
[Died] April 2, 1502.
He was the eldest son of King Henry VII of England and Queen Elizabeth (of York), and brother of Henry VIII. He married Catherine in 1501, but died the following year at a young age.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1829.10.5. バーモント，ノースフェアフィールド
[没]1886.11.18. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
アメリカの政治家。第 21代大統領 (在任 1881～85) 。ニューヨーク州のユニオン・カレッジを卒業後，弁護士となる。共和党発足と同時に入党。南北戦争中はニューヨーク州のいくつかの官職を歴任。 1871年 U.グラント大統領によりニューヨーク港税関長に任命されたが，78年行政命令違反のかどで，R.ヘーズ大統領によって解任。 80年 J.ガーフィールド大統領のもとに副大統領として当選。ガーフィールド大統領暗殺に伴い，81年9月 20日，大統領に就任。大統領在任中，A.ジャクソン大統領以来の党人任用制をやめ，公務員制度に資格任用制を導入したペンドルトン法 (83) を制定した。

アーサー
Arthur

6世紀のブリテン島 (現イギリス) で活躍したといわれるブリトン人の王。その実在は碑文などで確証できず，事績も伝説でしか伝えられていない。テムズ川中流より侵入してくる西サクソン族を撃退するため，ウェールズのブリトン諸族を糾合し，各所で勝利を博してキリスト教を擁護した。別の伝説によれば，ブリトン族の王に仕える軍人で，ローマ軍で鍛えられた騎士団を率いてサクソン族を随所に撃破した。初期ウェールズの文学では，アーサー王伝説として英雄物語の主人公となった。

アーサー
Arthur of Brittany

[生]1187.3.29. ナント
[没]1203.4.3?　ルーアン
ブルターニュ公。イングランド王ヘンリー2世の第3子ジョフリーとブルターニュ伯コナンの女相続人コンスタンスの間の子。 1190年伯父のリチャード1世によりイングランド王位の相続人に指定されたが，リチャード1世の死後ジョンが王に即位したためフランス王フィリップ2世の支持を受け対抗した。しかし 1202年ミルボーで捕えられ，翌年4月3日ルーアンで処刑されたといわれる。