Yanagawa Kengyo

Japanese: 柳川検校 - やながわけんぎょう

[raw]?
[Died] July 11, 1680
A blind musician in the early Edo period. The founder of the Yanagawa school of shamisen kumika (→ shamisen honte). His Ichina (Ichina) was Oichi. There are two theories: he was a disciple of Ishimura Kengyo, the founder of shamisen music, and Yamai Kengyo, a disciple of Ishimura. According to Fujimoto Kiyama's Shikido Daikyo (1678), he was active as a shamisen master in Osaka under the name Kaga no Ichi, together with Johide (later the founder of early modern koto music), in the early Kan'ei period (1624-1644). In the Kan'ei period, the diary of Kyoto Rokuonji Temple's head priest Hourin Shosho, Kabukiki, also states that he was "one of the two greatest masters of the time" in shamisen. He was appointed as a Kengyo in 1639 (Kan'ei 16). He is said to have founded the unconventional Ha-te-gumi (Hate-gumi, → Ha-te) style in contrast to the formalistic style of kumite honte-gumi (→ Honte), the oldest artistic shamisen music. His works, included in Matsu no Ha (1703), include the Ha-te-gumi "Matsu ni gozare," "Kuzu no ha," and "Shimousa hosori (→ Hosori)," the U-gumi "Sen," "Nishikigi," and "Hayafune," as well as the secret songs "Yurikan," "Nanatsugo," and "Sakai." His disciples included Asari Kengyo, Sayama Kengyo, and Ichikawa Kengyo, who wrote new songs in the Nagauta style and are said to have influenced the creation of Nagauta, a form of Kabuki music. Today, only six kumiuta songs have been handed down in the Kyoto Yanagawa school.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]?
[没]延宝8 (1680).7.11.
江戸時代初期の盲人音楽家。三味線組歌（→三味線本手）柳川流の祖。都名（いちな）は応一。三味線音楽の始祖石村検校の弟子とする説と，石村の弟子山井検校の弟子とする説とがある。藤本箕山著『色道大鏡』（1678）によれば，寛永年間（1624～44）の初め頃，大坂で加賀都（かがのいち）を名のり，城秀（のちの近世箏曲の開祖八橋検校）とともに三味線の名人として活躍していたという。また京都鹿苑寺住職の鳳林承章の日記『隔蓂記』の寛永期にも三味線の「当代名人之二人之内」と記されている。寛永16（1639）年検校に登官。最古の芸術的な三味線音楽である組歌本手組（→本手）の形式主義的な様式に対し，破格的な破手組（端手組，→破手）を創始したと伝えられている。作品は『松の葉』（1703）に破手組「待つにござれ」「葛の葉」「下総ほそり（→ほそり）」，裏組「賤」「錦木」「早舟」，秘曲「揺上（ゆりかん）」「七つ子」「堺」などが収載されている。門下に長歌様式の新曲をつくり，歌舞伎音楽である長唄の成立に影響を与えたといわれる浅利検校，佐山検校，市川検校らが出た。今日，京都柳川流には組歌は 6曲のみ伝承されている。

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