Wild Child

Japanese: 野生児 - やせいじ
Wild Child

A general term for children who, without parental care during their early growth and development, lived with animals in an environment isolated from human society. Children who were abandoned by their parents or kidnapped by wild animals and lived with animals often appear in stories, but there have been several dozen reported cases of children actually being discovered, mainly in Europe. Particularly famous are the records of the education, training and upbringing of Victor (the Wild Boy of Aveyron), an 11-12 year old boy found in the forest of Caunes in the Aveyron region of France at the end of the 18th century and trained by educator Itard, and two girls (Amala & Kamala), about 8 and 2 years old, who were raised by wolves in the forest of Midnapore, India in the early 20th century. These records have been widely published and are of great academic value.

When these feral children were discovered, they had no language, lacked human emotions, and were characterized by wild behavior. It has been recorded that the behavior and lifestyle of the feral children were significantly different from that of humans living in civilized society. Victor was given training that could be called an educational experiment, with the hypothesis that "he was simply deprived of normal social stimuli in the wild , and that with proper training he would be able to acquire human behavior and lifestyle," but the training failed as it did not achieve its goal. It was not easy to transform Amara and Kamala's wolf-like behavior and lifestyle, which included eating food directly with their mouths, walking on all fours, and howling. Thanks to the pastor's wife's loving care, they gradually acquired language, but in the end they were unable to escape their wildness and died during the growth process. Valuable suggestions from the records of wild children include, first, that a human environment is essential for the development of the mind and body, second, the importance of education appropriate to the optimum period for mental and physical development, and third, that education becomes difficult if the optimum period for development is missed.

[Noriko Ida and Yasumasa Sato]

"The Wild Child of Aveyron" by Itard, translated by Kotake Yamasa (1982, Fukumura Publishing) " ▽ "The Wolf Child - The Story of Kamala and Amala" by C. MacLean, translated and edited by Nakano Yoshitatsu (1984, Fukumura Publishing)"

[References] | Ital

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

早期の成長・発達期に親の養育を受けずに、人間社会から隔離された環境のなかで動物とともに生活した子供を総称する。親から遺棄されたり、野獣にさらわれたりして動物たちとともに生活する子供は物語によく登場するが、実際に発見された子供はヨーロッパを中心にして数十例の報告がある。とくに有名な記録は、18世紀末フランス、アベロン地区コーヌの森で発見され教育者イタールにより訓練された11~12歳の少年ビクトールVictor(アベロンの野生児)、20世紀初めにインド、ミドナポルの森でオオカミに育てられたおよそ8歳と2歳の2人の少女(アマラとカマラAmala & Kamala)などの教育訓練・養育の記録で、広く公刊され、学問的にも価値が高い。

 これらの野生児はいずれも発見されたときには言語をもたず、人間としての感情に欠け、野生としての行動が特徴であった。野生児たちの行動や生活の様式は、文明社会に生きる人間とは著しく異なっていたことが記録されている。ビクトールには教育実験ともいうべき訓練がなされたが、その訓練の仮説は、「単に野性的で正常な社会的刺激を奪われているにすぎず、適切な訓練によって人間としての行動や生活の様式が身につけられる」として訓練が開始されたが、目標を達成できず失敗した。アマラとカマラは、食物を直接口で食べたり、四肢で歩いたり、遠吠(とおぼ)えをしたりして、オオカミに類似した行動や生活の様式を変容させることは容易ではなかった。牧師夫人の心血を注いだ養育によって、すこしずつ言語を獲得したが、ついに野性を脱却することができずに成長過程で死亡した。野生児たちの記録からの貴重な示唆は、第一に心身の発達には人間的環境が不可欠であること、第二に心身の発達の適期にふさわしい教育の重要性、第三に発達の適期を逃すと教育が困難になること、などである。

[井田範美・佐藤泰正]

『イタール著、古武弥正訳『アヴェロンの野生児』(1982・福村出版)』『J・A・L・シング著、中野善達・清水和子訳『狼に育てられた子』(1977・福村出版)』『C・マクリーン著、中野善達訳・編『ウルフ・チャイルド――カマラとアマラの物語』(1984・福村出版)』

[参照項目] | イタール

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Native (wild) species

>>:  Wild type - wild type

Recommend

Osijek (English spelling)

Osijek is a city in the Slavonia region in northea...

Helenium nudiflorum (English spelling) Helenium nudiflorum

… [Munemin Yanagi]. … *Some of the terminology th...

Lygocoris

...The black-spotted bug, Orthocephalus funestus ...

Narmer

...It is known from the reliefs on the large voti...

Brentano, Clemens

Born: September 8, 1778 Ehrenbreitstein [Died] Jul...

Atomic weight - genshiryo (English spelling) atomic weight

A value that represents the mass of an atom of ea...

Gilbert-Lecomte, R.

…Born in the Ardennes. While attending a lycée in...

Skeleton (English) skeleton sledding

A sled with steel runners. A winter sport in which...

Humbert - Aimee Humbert

Year of death: 1900.9.19 (1900.9.19) Born: June 12...

Apartment complex - shuugoujutaku

An apartment building is one in which many reside...

Masanobu Tsuji

Army officer and politician. Born in Ishikawa Pre...

Ahti

…Since 1982, Mauno Koivisto (1923- ) has been the...

Civil registration system

A system in which a person's civil status (Eng...

Percheron

… [Heavy species] It has a large, sturdy build, i...

Gapon, Georgii Apollonovich

Born: February 17, 1870 in Poltava Died April 10, ...