Kinuta Celadon

A type of celadon fired at the Longquan kiln in Zhejiang Province, China. Located in the southern mountainous region of Zhejiang Province, Longquan Kiln was opened as one of the kilns of the Yuezhou kiln in the north of Zhejiang Province during the Northern Song Dynasty, but in the Southern Song Dynasty, they began firing kinuta celadon to match the Yuezhou kiln-style celadon. The exquisite kinuta celadon, with its thick, clear, powdery blue celadon glaze, is thought to have originated under the strong influence of the celadon of the Southern Song official kiln built in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province during the Southern Song Dynasty. Based on current archaeological materials, it appears that firing of kinuta celadon began at the end of the 12th century, as it began to be unearthed from ruins dating back to the early 13th century. Following the Southern Song Dynasty official kilns, the shapes of the vessels were inspired by ancient Chinese bronzeware and five wares, and they became favorites of cultured people, especially literati and government officials. The heyday of Kinuta Celadon was during the Yuan Dynasty, and it continued to be produced into the 15th century, during the early Ming Dynasty. The name Kinuta Celadon was given by Japanese tea masters, and there is a theory that it comes from the typical Kinuta-shaped vase or the Kinuta-shaped vase handed down by the Kishu Tokugawa family, but this is not certain.

[Yoshiaki Yabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、浙江(せっこう／チョーチヤン)省の竜泉窯で焼造された青磁の一種。浙江省の南部山岳地帯に位置する竜泉窯は北宋(ほくそう)時代に浙江省北部の越州窯の一窯として開かれたが、南宋時代になると越州窯系青磁にあわせて砧青磁を焼造し始めた。青く澄みきった粉青色の青磁釉(ゆう)が厚くかかった絶妙な砧青磁は、南宋時代に浙江省の杭州(こうしゅう／ハンチョウ)市に築かれた南宋官窯の青磁の強い影響を受けて創始されたと考えられる。現在の考古資料を集合すると、13世紀初頭の遺跡から出土し始めるところから、12世紀末には砧青磁の焼製が始まっていたと思われる。南宋官窯に従って、器形には中国古代の銅器・五器が投影し、とくに文人や官僚など文化人の愛玩(あいがん)具となった。砧青磁の最盛期はむしろ元(げん)時代であり、明(みん)前期の15世紀にも焼き継がれた。砧青磁の呼称は日本の茶人の命名であり、典型作の砧形花生(はないけ)や、紀州徳川家伝来の砧形花生に由来するという説があるが、さだかではない。

［矢部良明］

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