Saratov (English spelling) Саратов/Saratov

Japanese: サラトフ - さらとふ(英語表記)Саратов/Saratov
Saratov (English spelling) Саратов/Saratov

Saratov is the capital of Saratov Oblast in the western part of Russia. It is a large city with a population of 881,000 (1999), located on the right bank of the Volga River, and has a river port. It is a junction of railways and highways connecting Moscow, Volgograd, Kazan, and Ulyanovsk, and has developed as an industrial and cultural center of the Volga coastal region. From the Russian Revolution until World War II, mechanical industrial facilities such as motors, ball bearings, and food industry equipment were built in Saratov, but after the war, aircraft, textiles, leather, and chemical equipment manufacturing, petroleum processing, and various light industries developed. There are also many educational and cultural facilities, including a comprehensive university, universities and higher education institutions such as the Chernyshevsky Opera and Ballet Theater, a drama theater, a puppet theater, a circus, an art museum, and a local museum.

It was built in 1590 as a fortified city to protect the Volga Waterway, and in the second half of the 17th century it developed as a land and sea cargo transfer point and a trading center for marine products and salt. In the second half of the 19th century, flour milling and oil and fat manufacturing industries emerged, and it became a major trading center for flour for baking. Originally built on the right bank of the Volga, it was moved to the left bank in the early 17th century, but was destroyed during the Stenka Razin Rebellion and rebuilt on the right bank again. A bridge connecting the right and left banks was built in 1965. It was the birthplace of Russian philosopher and literary critic Chernyshevsky, and his residence museum is located here.

[Taizo Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦西部、サラトフ州の州都。人口88万1000(1999)の大都市で、ボルガ川右岸に位置し、河港を有する。モスクワ、ボルゴグラード、カザン、ウリヤノフスクと連絡する鉄道、自動車道の分岐点、またボルガ沿岸地域の工業、文化の中心地として発展している。ロシア革命後から第二次世界大戦まで、モーター、ボールベアリング、食品工業用設備などの機械工業施設が建設されたが、戦後、航空機、繊維、皮革、化学工業用設備製造、石油加工業、各種軽工業などが発展した。教育・文化施設も多く、総合大学、音楽、工科、農業、医科、獣医科、経済、法科、教育などの大学や高等教育機関、チェルヌィシェフスキー記念オペラ・バレエ劇場、ドラマ劇場、人形劇場、サーカス場、美術館、郷土博物館などの文化施設がある。

 1590年、ボルガ水路を守る要塞(ようさい)都市として建設され、17世紀後半に水陸の貨物積み換え地点、水産物、塩の取引中心地として発展した。19世紀後半には製粉、油脂製造工業がおこり、製パン用粉の大取引中心地であった。初めボルガ川右岸につくられ、17世紀初め左岸に移ったが、ステンカ・ラージンの乱で破壊されてふたたび右岸に再建された。1965年に右岸と左岸を結ぶ橋が建設された。ロシアの哲学者で文芸批評家のチェルヌィシェフスキーの生地で、その住居博物館がある。

[中村泰三]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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