Also called Hizen Domain. A large outside domain that ruled Saga in Hizen Province. Its rice yield was over 357,000 koku. It began in 1590 (Tensho 18) when the Sengoku daimyo Ryuzoji clan was granted assurance of its territory by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Nabeshima Naoshige, a senior vassal, became the guardian of the lord's family. In 1607 (Keicho 12), the Ryuzoji clan became extinct, and the Nabeshima clan became the lord of the domain. Since then, the clan continued for 12 generations, including Katsushige, Mitsushige, Tsunasige, Yoshishige, Muneshige, Munenori, Shigemochi, Harushige, Narinao, Naomasa, and Naohiro. Its branch domains include Ogi Domain, Hasunoike Domain, and Kashima Domain. During the Meireki period (1655-1658), the clan law "Torinokocho" was compiled, and it became the basis of the clan's administration thereafter. In addition, because of its close proximity to Nagasaki, it occupied a special position in terms of duties such as the Nagasaki Guard. As a result, the clan's finances showed signs of poverty from an early stage. The damage caused by the famine in the west of Saga in 1732 (Kyoho 17) was particularly severe. The total population of the domain dropped sharply from 371,956 in 1731 to 290,210 in 1734, which is believed to have been the result of the famine. The domain government reforms that began in 1772 (An'ei 1) led to the compilation of the Meiwa Gokaisei Kiroku (Records of the Meiwa Reforms), which created more detailed domain laws. The Rokufukata (Six Departments) (Yamakata Satoyamakata, Pasture Department, Pottery Department, Karami Department, Loan Department, and Lease Department) that were established during this reform became the basic offices for promoting industry and business. In order to ease the conflicts that had deepened during the Bunka and Bunsei periods (1804-1830), the domain implemented reforms in government, such as a policy to defer the payment of kajishi (tenant rent) for ten years in 1842 (Tenpo 13). Initially, efforts were focused on streamlining the domain's debts and revitalizing rural areas, but in 1844 (Koka 1), emphasis shifted to military reform, as seen in the establishment of a firepower department. In 1850 (Kaei 3), a reverberatory furnace was constructed in Tsuiji (Nagase-cho, Saga City) and cannon casting began. In 1858 (Ansei 5), a naval factory was established, the following year gunpowder production began at the refining department, and in 1865 (Keio 1), the steamship Ryofu Maru was completed. Thus, the military reforms carried out by the Saga Domain were superior to those of other domains, but as the initiative for the reforms lay with the domain's lord, Nabeshima Naomasa, there was a certain limit to the anti-Shogunate stance in terms of politics. In the early Meiji period, Eto Shinpei and Okuma Shigenobu played important roles in the Restoration government. Furthermore, Hagakure, known as a book for the cultivation of samurai, is a transcription of the conversations of Yamamoto Tsunetomo, who was the bookkeeper for the third domain lord, Mitsushige. Furthermore, the "Cat Incident," dramatized at the end of the Edo period, reflects the movement to revive the Ryuzoji family in the early days of domain administration. The domain was abolished in 1871 (Meiji 4). After Saga Prefecture, Imari Prefecture, Saga Prefecture, Mizuma Prefecture, and Nagasaki Prefecture, it became the present-day Saga Prefecture. [Nagano, Japan] "Comprehensive Research on the Saga Domain" edited by Tamotsu Fujino (1981, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) [References] | | |The Tsuzuki Yagura (left) and Shachi-no-mon Gate (both nationally designated important cultural properties). Saga City, Saga Prefecture © Saga Tourism Federation Saga Castle Ruins Saga City, Saga Prefecture © Saga Tourism Federation Tsukiji Reverberatory Furnace Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
肥前(ひぜん)藩ともいう。肥前国佐賀を領した外様(とざま)大藩。石高(こくだか)35万7000石余。1590年(天正18)戦国大名龍造寺(りゅうぞうじ)氏が豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉から所領安堵(あんど)されたのに始まり、重臣鍋島直茂(なべしまなおしげ)が主家の後見となる。1607年(慶長12)龍造寺氏断絶により、鍋島氏が藩主となった。以来、勝茂(かつしげ)、光茂(みつしげ)、綱茂(つなしげ)、吉茂(よししげ)、宗茂(むねしげ)、宗教(むねのり)、重茂(しげもち)、治茂(はるしげ)、斉直(なりなお)、直正(なおまさ)、直大(なおひろ)の12代続いた。支藩に小城(おぎ)藩、蓮池(はすのいけ)藩、鹿島(かしま)藩がある。明暦(めいれき)期(1655~58)に藩法「鳥子(とりのこ)帳」が編纂(へんさん)され、以後、それが藩政の基軸をなした。また、長崎に近接しているため、長崎御番などの任にあたり特殊な位置を占めた。それゆえ、藩財政は早くから窮乏をみせた。 1732年(享保17)の西国地域の飢饉(ききん)の被害は佐賀藩ではとくにひどかった。1731年の領内総人口37万1956人が、1734年には29万0210人に激減したのも、飢饉の影響とみられる。1772年(安永1)に開始された藩政改革により「明和(めいわ)御改正記録」が編纂され、より詳細な藩法が作成された。この藩政改革のおりに設置された六府方(ろくふかた)(山方里山方(やまかたさとやまかた)、牧方、陶器方、搦(からみ)方、貸付方、講(こう)方)は殖産興業の基本的役方となった。 文化・文政期(1804~30)に深まった矛盾を緩和するため、1842年(天保13)に加地子(かじし)(小作料)を10か年間猶予する政策が出されるなどの藩政改革が実施される。当初は藩借銀の整理や郷村復興に力が注がれるが、1844年(弘化1)に火術方を設置したように、軍事改革に重きが置かれるようになる。1850年(嘉永3)に築地(ついじ)(佐賀市長瀬町)に反射炉を築造し、大砲の鋳造を開始する。また、1858年(安政5)には海軍所を設け、翌年には精煉(せいれん)方で火薬製造に着手し、1865年(慶応1)には蒸気船凌風(りょうふう)丸を完成させる。このように、佐賀藩が行った軍事改革は諸藩をぬきんでるものであったが、改革の主導権が藩主鍋島直正にあっただけに、政治路線では反幕府としての立場に一定の限界がみられた。明治初年に江藤新平(しんぺい)や大隈重信(おおくましげのぶ)が維新政府のなかで重い役割を演じた。なお、藩士修養の書として知られる『葉隠(はがくれ)』は、3代藩主光茂の書物役であった山本常朝の談話を筆録したものである。また、幕末に劇化された「猫騒動」は、藩政初期における龍造寺家再興運動を反映している。1871年(明治4)廃藩。佐賀県、伊万里(いまり)県、佐賀県、三潴(みずま)県、長崎県を経て現在の佐賀県となった。 [長野 暹] 『藤野保編『佐賀藩の総合研究』(1981・吉川弘文館)』 [参照項目] | | |続櫓(左)と鯱の門(ともに国指定重要文化財)。佐賀県佐賀市©一般社団法人佐賀県観光連盟"> 佐賀城跡 佐賀県佐賀市©一般社団法人佐賀県観光連盟"> 築地反射炉 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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