Coptic Church - Coptic Church

Japanese: コプト教会 - コプトきょうかい(英語表記)Coptic Church
Coptic Church - Coptic Church
The Coptic Church is an ancient Christian church in Egypt. The name comes from the Arabic word for the Egyptians and their language before the conquest, qubt. According to Eusebius of Caesarea, the Coptic Church began with the missionary work of the Evangelist Mark, and Alexandria was one of the centers of the ancient church. The church flourished despite persecution by Diocletian, and monastic life, which was started by Antony and others in the 4th century, flourished and developed especially in Upper Egypt. The Coptic Church separated from the Church of Rome when Patriarch Dioscorus of Alexandria was declared a heretic at the Council of Chalcedon (451). After this, Egypt was occupied by Persia (after 619) and then by the Arabs (after 642), leading to a long period of persecution and hardship. It is said that Caliph Hakim (996-1021) destroyed 3,000 churches. Finally, after the Battle of Tell el-Kebir (1882), the church came under British rule and gained its freedom. It is said that the number of believers is now about 3 million, with about 50,000 Egyptian Protestants and about 85,000 Catholics. In ancient times, the church used the indigenous Coptic language in addition to Greek, and many religious works were translated and written, but with the spread of Arabic, Coptic language was almost completely abandoned as an everyday language, and today it only remains as a liturgical language in churches. The Ethiopian Christian Church also has a traditionally close relationship with the Coptic Church, and since the 12th century its head has been selected by the Patriarch of Alexandria, but since 1950 it has been forming an autonomous church.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
エジプトにある古代からのキリスト教会で,コプトは,アラビア人が征服以前のエジプト人やその言語を qubtと呼んだことに由来する。カエサレアのエウセビオスによれば,コプト教会の始りは福音書記者マルコの宣教によるとされ,アレクサンドリアは古代教会の中心地の一つであった。この教会はディオクレチアヌスの迫害に耐えて盛んとなり,4世紀にアントニウスらによって始められた修道生活も特に上エジプト地方において開花発展をみた。コプト教会のローマ教会からの分離は,カルケドン公会議 (451) においてアレクサンドリア総大主教ディオスコロスのキリスト単性論 (→キリスト単性説 ) が異端宣告を受けたことに始る。この後エジプトがペルシアによる占領 (619以後) に続いてアラブに支配されたため (642以後) ,迫害と苦難の時代が長く続いた。カリフ・ハーキム (996~1021) は 3000の教会を破壊したという。ようやくテル・エル・ケビルの戦い (1882) でイギリス支配下に入り,教会は自由を獲得,信徒数は現在約 300万,エジプト人プロテスタントは約5万,カトリック帰一教徒約8万 5000といわれる。教会は古代においてギリシア語のほかに土着のコプト語を用い,多くの宗教文学の翻訳,著作がなされたが,アラビア語の普及とともにコプト語は日常語としてほとんど廃絶し,現在では教会典礼語として残っているにすぎない。エチオピアのキリスト教会もコプト教会と伝統的に深い関係をもち,12世紀以来その首長はアレクサンドリア総大主教によって選ばれていたが,1950年以後自治教会の形成をみている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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