The division of property by one of the divorced parties to the other (Article 768 of the Civil Code). In principle, the amount and method of property division are decided by negotiation between the parties, but if the parties are unable to reach an agreement or are unable to hold a consultation, they may apply to the family court to have the court make a disposition in lieu of the negotiation. However, this must be done within two years of the divorce. Property division is centered on the distribution of property acquired by the couple through their cooperation during their married life, and also includes the support of the spouse who will be in financial difficulty after the divorce. In addition, the actual division of property may also include the payment of alimony from the spouse who is at fault for the divorce to the other spouse, and the handling of the division is not necessarily consistent. The division may be made in money or in kind, such as the division of real estate. When making a monetary payment, the principle is that it must be paid in a lump sum, but installments are also permitted. This system was established when the Civil Code was revised after the Second World War, and it plays a role in guaranteeing the wife's livelihood after divorce and essentially ensuring her freedom to divorce. [Yasuyuki Takahashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
離婚をした者の一方が他方に対して財産を分与すること(民法768条)。当事者間の協議で財産分与の額・方法などを定めるのが原則であるが、協議が調わないとき、または協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所に申し出て、協議のかわりの処分をしてもらうことができる。ただし、これは離婚後2年以内にしなければならない。財産分与は、夫婦が結婚生活中にその協力によって得た財産の分配という性質を中心として、それに離婚後生活に困る配偶者の扶養という性質が付け加わるが、そのほか実際の財産分与にあたっては、離婚について有責の配偶者から他方への慰謝料の支払いという内容のものも含ませられることもあり、その取扱いはかならずしも一定していない。分与は、金銭で支払ってもよいし、また、不動産を分与するなどの現物の給付でもよい。金銭で支払う場合は、一括払いが原則であるが、分割払いも認められる。この制度は、第二次世界大戦後の民法改正の際に創設されたもので、離婚後の妻の生活を保障し、実質的に妻の離婚の自由を確保する役割を果たしている。 [高橋康之] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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