Dhaka - Dhaka (English spelling)

Japanese: ダッカ - だっか(英語表記)Dhaka
Dhaka - Dhaka (English spelling)

The capital of Bangladesh. It is located in the center of the country, on the banks of the Buri Ganga River, a tributary of the Ganges. It has a population of 8,942,300, and a metropolitan population of 10,356,500 (estimated in 2003). It has flourished since the 16th century, and was the political and economic center of the East Bengal region since the Mughal Empire. After the separation of India and Pakistan, it became the capital of the East Pakistan province of Pakistan, and became the capital of Bangladesh when it became independent in 1971. The city is divided into the old city and the new city. The old city was densely packed with buildings and functioned as a commercial center, but most of it was destroyed during the war of independence. In the north of the new city, there is a new administrative district built after independence, with government buildings and official residences lined up in an orderly fashion around the Parliament Building. On the border with the old city, there is an office district called Motejir, and the country's largest mosque, Baitul Mokarram, stands there. The new city is developing to the north, and residential areas such as Gulshan-Banani are expanding rapidly. During the Mughal Empire, Dhaka muslin, one of the world's finest cotton fabrics, was produced here, but it is now in decline. To the east of the city is the Tejgaon industrial area, with metal, machinery, printing, and food processing factories. In the center of the city are Dhaka University, the country's largest university, established in 1920, and Ramna Park. In the old city, there are ruins such as the Mughal-era Lal Bagh Fort and the tiled Star Mosque. The main means of transportation in the city are rickshaws, with 50,000 in operation throughout the city. Recently, the number of rickshaws has been decreasing as automobile traffic has increased.

[Minoru Kiryu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バングラデシュの首都。同国中部、ガンジス川支流のブリ・ガンガ川沿岸に位置する。人口894万2300、大都市圏人口1035万6500(2003推計)。16世紀ごろから栄え、ムガル帝国時代から、東ベンガル地方の政治・経済の中心地であった。インド・パキスタンの分離後、パキスタンの東パキスタン州の州都となり、1971年バングラデシュの独立によって首都となった。市街は旧市街と新市街とに分かれ、旧市街は建物が密集して商業センターとして機能していたが、独立戦争時に大部分が破壊された。新市街北部には独立後建設された新しい行政区があり、国会議事堂を中心に政府庁舎、官舎などが整然と並んでいる。旧市街との境には、モテジールとよばれるオフィス街が広がり、この国最大のモスク、バイタル・モカラムが建っている。新市街は北方に発展しており、グルシャン・バナーニなどの住宅街が急速に拡大している。ムガル帝国時代には、世界屈指の上質な綿織物であるダッカ・モスリンの製造が盛んであったが現在は衰退している。市の東方には、テージュガオンの工業地帯があり、金属、機械、印刷、食品加工などの工場がある。中心部には1920年に設立されたこの国最大のダッカ大学やラムナ公園がある。旧市街には、ムガル帝国時代のラール・バーグ砦(とりで)、タイル張りのスター・モスクなどの遺跡がある。市内の主要交通手段は、リキショとよばれる人力車で、市内全体で5万台が稼動。最近では自動車の交通量が増えてリキショは減りつつある。

[桐生 稔]

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