This refers to the final stage of the ancient Egyptian language, which began to be written in the Coptic script around the 3rd century, when Egypt was Christianized. The name Coptic comes from the Arabic qubî, which comes from the Greek aigyptios, meaning "Egyptian." The Coptic script is an alphabet consisting of 31 letters, 24 from the Greek script and 7 from the Egyptian demotic script, and is written from left to right. As it also contains vowels, it is important in reconstructing the vowel system of the old Egyptian language, which was written only with consonants. Six dialects are known, but the Saidic dialect of Upper Egypt was the standard language from the 5th to the 11th centuries, and the Bohairic dialect of Lower Egypt was the standard language thereafter. It has left behind a wealth of documents, mainly related to Christianity. After the Islamization of Egypt in the 7th century, it was gradually overwhelmed by Arabic, and today it exists only as the language of the Coptic Church. However, there are efforts to revive it as an everyday language. [Yoichi Tsuge] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エジプトがキリスト教化された3世紀ごろからの、コプト文字で書かれるようになった古代エジプト語の最終段階をさす。コプトの名称はギリシア語aigyptiosからきたアラビア語qubî「エジプトの」に由来する。コプト文字はギリシア文字からの24文字と、エジプト民衆文字からの7文字の計31文字からなるアルファベットで、左横書きされる。母音も表記されるので、子音のみが書かれる古いエジプト語の母音体系を再建するうえでも重要である。六つの方言が知られているが、5~11世紀は上(かみ)エジプトのサイード方言が、それ以降は下(しも)エジプトのボハイラ方言が標準語であり、キリスト教関係をおもに、豊富な文献を残す。7世紀のエジプトのイスラム化以後はしだいにアラビア語に圧倒され、現在ではコプト教会の言語としてのみ存在する。しかし日常語として復活させようとの動きもある。 [柘植洋一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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