Objet - objet (English spelling) French

Japanese: オブジェ - おぶじぇ(英語表記)objet フランス語
Objet - objet (English spelling) French

The word originates from the Latin objectrum, which means "something thrown forward." In modern art, it refers to an object that has been stripped of the common sense of everyday objects and given a new meaning. Its origins can be traced back to the Cubist papier collé, but it is said to have been invented by Duchamp. He submitted a readymade toilet bowl titled "Fountain" and signed by R. Mutt to the 1917 Salon des Indépendants, where he was also a committee member, but it was rejected, causing controversy. After that, various objects were produced by surrealists and dadaists such as De Chirico, Giacometti, Picabia, Man Ray, Dali, and Schwitters. The surrealists roughly classify these objects into the following eight categories. (1) Mathematical geometric models and constructed works, (2) natural objects such as wood and stone, (3) objects made by barbarians that are connected to magic or sorcery, (4) objects that have been forgotten and rediscovered in everyday life, or driftwood, (5) ready-made products on the market, (6) moving objects, (7) objects that have been burned and are no longer of any use, (8) objects with a symbolic function that influences the subconscious, etc.

After World War II, Dubuffet introduced assemblages that brought together various objects and collages, and neo-Dada and pop artists such as Rauschenberg and Warhol combined mass-produced goods and their waste, printed materials, images, sounds, lights, and actions, creating an environment.

In Japan, it was introduced by Murayama Tomoyoshi at the end of the Taisho era, and after World War II, Neo-Dada groups actively pursued it, mainly influenced by American pop.

Thus, objects that were initially considered heretical have become so commonplace that they can now be found in museums.Interior objects and craft objects, such as the flower arrangement objects popularized by Teshigahara Sofu and object pottery by Yagi Kazuo and others, are being incorporated into everyday life as novel decorative items.

[Mitamura Shunsuke]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「前方に投げ出された物」を意味するラテン語のobjectrumを語源とし、現代芸術の用語では、日常的に認められている物の通念をはぎとり、別の存在意味を付加された物体のこと。その発端は、キュビスムのパピエ・コレpapier colléにまでさかのぼれるが、デュシャンの創案にかかるとされている。彼は、レディーメイド(既製品)の便器を『泉』と題しR. Muttの署名を付して、自分も委員をしていた1917年のアンデパンダン展に出品して拒否され、物議を醸した。その後、デ・キリコ、ジャコメッティ、ピカビア、マン・レイ、ダリ、シュビッタースらシュルレアリストとダダイストたちによって、さまざまなオブジェが発表されてきた。こうしたオブジェを、シュルレアリストたちはおよそ次の八つに分類している。(1)数学上の幾何模型や構成された作品、(2)木や石などの自然物、(3)呪術(じゅじゅつ)や魔術につながる未開人のつくった物、(4)日常忘れられていて再発見された物や漂流物、(5)市場に出回っている既製品、(6)動く物体、(7)火事で焼けただれ役だたなくなったような物、(8)潜在意識に働きかける象徴的機能をもつ物体など。

 第二次世界大戦後は、デュビュッフェによって、各種のオブジェとコラージュとを寄せ集めたアッサンブラージュが導入され、さらにネオ・ダダやポップ・アーチストのラウシェンバーグ、ウォーホルらによって、量産品やその廃品、印刷物や映像、音や光、行為などがコンバインcombineされ環境化しつつある。

 日本では大正末期に村山知義(ともよし)がこれを紹介し、第二次大戦後はおもにアメリカン・ポップの影響を受けながら、ネオ・ダダグループらが積極的に取り組んできた。

 こうして、当初は異端視されたオブジェも、今日では美術館に収まるほどにまで常套(じょうとう)化した。日常生活のなかにも、新奇な装飾物として勅使河原蒼風(てしがわらそうふう)が広めたいけ花オブジェ、八木一夫らによるオブジェ焼など、インテリア・オブジェやクラフト・オブジェが取り入れられつつある。

[三田村畯右]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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