National Proclamation

A migyosho (decree) issued by a chigyo kokushu (provincial governor) regarding state affairs. From around the first half of the 12th century, there was a trend for chigyo kokushu to take control of state affairs instead of the zuryo (provincial governor), and by the latter half of the century this had spread to most provinces. As proof of this, the provincial governor would place his signature on the sleeve (the right edge of the document) of the chozen (official proclamation) issued by the provincial governor in Kyoto, or would attach a migyosho (decree) from the provincial governor to the chozen. This migyosho (decree) is called kokusen. During the Kamakura period, it was used independently as a document issuing instructions from the provincial governor to the mokudai (deputy governor) regarding state affairs, and can be seen up until the Nanboku-cho period (especially by the provincial governors of the Southern Court).

[Masahiro Tomita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国務に関して知行国主(ちぎょうこくしゅ)が発給する御教書(みぎょうしょ)。12世紀前半ごろから受領(ずりょう)（国司(こくし)）にかわって知行国主が国務を握る傾向が現れ、後半には大半の国々に及ぶが、その徴証となるのが、在京の国司の発給する庁宣(ちょうぜん)の袖(そで)（文書の右端）に国主が花押(かおう)を据えること、あるいは庁宣に国主の御教書を添えることである。その御教書が国宣である。鎌倉時代には、国主から目代(もくだい)への国務を指令する文書として独立に使用され、南北朝時代（とくに南朝の国司が使用）まで見受けられる。

［富田正弘］

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