nobility

Japanese: nobility
nobility


[Western]
In Western history, the term aristocracy generally refers to a class of people whose economic base was large-scale hereditary land ownership, who were free from the need for manual labor to make a living, and who, through their prominent military role and the formation of an exclusive clan based on noble blood, enjoyed great privileges in the political leadership of the nation.
[Classical Antiquity]
In the Greek city-states, during the transition from monarchy to democracy in the 8th to 6th centuries BC, an aristocratic government (aristokratia) was established.

From 【Title】

...Duke and Marquis are based on the continental system and do not date back to the Anglo-Saxon period. English nobility, which carries the honorific lord and is distinguished from the knight class, which carries the title sir, was usually inherited by the eldest son of the family. The name viscount comes from vicecomes, an official who acted for an earl in the early Middle Ages, and in England after the Norman Conquest this name was applied to sheriffs, but this also eventually became a simple title. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "nobility" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【西洋】
 西洋の歴史において貴族とは,一般に大規模な世襲的土地所有を経済基盤として,生活のための手の労働から解放され,その卓越した軍事的役割と,高貴な血統による排他的門閥形成を通じ,国家の政治的指導の面で大きな特権をもつ身分を指す。英語ではnobility,フランス語ではnoblesse,ドイツ語ではAdel。
[古典古代]
 ギリシアのポリスでは,前8~前6世紀,王政から民主政への過渡期に,貴族政(アリストクラティアaristokratia)が実現された。…

【爵位】より

…デュークとマーキスは,大陸の制度に倣ったもので,アングロ・サクソン時代にはさかのぼらない。 イギリスの爵位貴族nobilityはロードlordの敬称を帯び,サーsirの称号をもつ騎士knight階層から区別されるが,爵位は当該家門の長男によって世襲されるのが常であった。子爵の名は,中世初期に伯の職務を代行した役人vicecomesに由来し,ノルマン・コンクエスト後のイギリスではシェリフにこの名が適用されたが,これもやがて単なる爵位と化した。…

※「nobility」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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