Metallic Bond

The bond between atoms that form metals. Electrons in metals can be divided into those that are strongly bonded to specific atomic nuclei and those that are relatively free to move around throughout the metal. For example, in sodium metal, the electrons in the 3s orbital of the sodium atom move around relatively freely. These electrons act as glue to create the bonding force. The main bonding forces are the Coulomb force between the electrons and the atomic nucleus, and the quantum mechanical exchange force between the easily mobile electrons. The quantum mechanical theory of metallic bonding was developed through the efforts of E. Wigner, F. Seitz, J. Slater, and others, and the energy band structure that electrons can take in metals has been clarified, making it possible to quantitatively explain various properties of metals. The cause of the bonding force in metals is essentially quantum mechanical, and is difficult to understand intuitively, but LC Pauling explained that strong bonding forces occur in metals due to the resonance of many covalent and ionic structures, and explained some properties of metals from this perspective.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

金属を形成している原子間の結合．金属中の電子は，特定の原子核に強く結合しているものと，金属全体にわたって比較的自由に動きまわれる電子とに分けることができる．たとえば，Na金属ではNa原子の3s軌道の電子が比較的自由に動きまわる．この電子がのりの役割をして結合力が現れる．結合力のおもなものは，電子と原子核とのクーロン力と，動きやすい電子間の量子力学的な交換力である．金属結合の量子力学的理論は，E. Wigner，F. Seitz，J. Slaterらの努力によって発展し，電子が金属中でとりうるエネルギー帯構造などが明らかになり，金属の種々の性質を定量的に説明できるようになっている．金属中の結合力の生じる原因は，本来，量子力学的なものなので，直感的にはわかりにくいが，L.C. Pauling(ポーリング)は，金属中では多数の共有およびイオン構造が共鳴しているために，強い結合力が発生するとして説明し，金属のいくつかの性質をこの立場から解説した．

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