National textbooks - kokutei ikyoukasho

Japanese: 国定教科書 - こくていきょうかしょ

Textbooks are written and edited by a government agency (the Ministry of Education) and are used uniformly by the government in all schools across the country. The aim was to standardize the content, but the result was that textbooks became standardized and their content, such as militaristic descriptions, included the intentions of state power. In Japan, elementary school textbooks were designated by the government in 1903, and education in loyalty and filial piety was emphasized. Since 1948, the system has been in place, but this system has also been criticized.
→ Related topics Textbook trial | Moral education

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

執筆・編集を政府機関（文部省）が行い，政府が全国の学校で一律に使用させる教科書。その内容に基準性を与えようとしたものだが，結果的には，教科書が画一化し，軍国主義的記述などその内容に国家権力の意図するものが入ってくる。日本では，1903年から小学校の教科書が国定とされ，忠孝の教育が強調された。1948年以降は検定制（教科書検定制度）に移行したが，この制度についても批判は多い。
→関連項目教科書裁判｜修身教育

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