Anti-Japanese Military and Political University (English: Kang-ri Jun-zheng Da-xue)

Japanese: 抗日軍政大学 - こうにちぐんせいだいがく（英語表記）Kang-ri jun-zheng da-xue

A school established by the Chinese Communist Party to train cadres during the War of Resistance against Japan. In China, it is abbreviated to Kangda. Its predecessor was the Red Army University, and its successor was the Military and Political University. The Red Army School was founded in Qiu 1931, and became the Red Army University in November 1933, opening west of Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. The principal was Ye Jianying, and the political commissar was Qu Qibai. During the Long March, it was renamed Cadres Dang, and in June 1936, at the Shaanxi Province security office, it was renamed Anti-Japanese Red Army University, with Lin Biao as principal and Luo Ruiqing as superintendent of education. After the Xi'an Incident in January 1937, it was renamed Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University at the security office, with Mao Zedong as chairman of the school affairs committee, and it moved to Yan'an. A total of 10 branch schools were established in various border areas, and by 1945, the number of cadres trained had reached over 100,000. After World War II, it was renamed Northeast Military and Political University, and its main force was in the Northeast. In 1949, as the Liberation Army moved south, military and political universities were established in each large administrative district, but by around 1952 they were abolished. The educational policy here was "a firm political policy, a style that endures difficulties and is frugal, a flexible strategy and tactics (these three phrases), unity, tension, solemnity, and activity (these eight words)," and these were made into school rules. These school rules were called the "March 8 Style" and were inherited as the basic policy of the entire Liberation Army. During the Cultural Revolution, the significance of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University in school education was emphasized again, and in August 1966, a lecture by Ye Jianying, Vice Chairman of the National Defense Committee, titled "Let's create a university like the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University" was published in the People's Daily, and a large-scale campaign was launched to "have military and civilians throughout the country learn from the revolutionary spirit of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国共産党が抗日戦争中に幹部養成のため設けた学校。中国では抗大と略称。前身は紅軍大学，後身は軍政大学。 1931年秋紅軍学校が創設され，33年 11月紅軍大学となり，江西省瑞金の西方で開校した。校長葉剣英，政治委員瞿秋白。長征の際に幹部団と改名し，36年6月陝西省保安で抗日紅軍大学と改名，校長林彪，教育長羅瑞卿であった。西安事件後の 37年1月，保安で中国人民抗日軍政大学と改名し，校務委員会主席は毛沢東で，延安に移った。各辺区に総計 10校の分校がつくられ，45年までの幹部養成数は十余万に達した。第2次世界大戦後は東北軍政大学と改称，主力を東北におき，49年解放軍の南下に伴い各大行政区ごとに軍政大学が設けられたが，52年頃までに廃止された。ここでの教育方針は「しっかりした政治方針，困難に耐え質素を旨とする作風，機動性に富む戦略・戦術 (以上3つの句) ，団結，緊張，厳粛，活発 (以上の8文字) 」とされ，校則となった。この校則は「三八作風」と称され，解放軍全軍の基本方針として継承された。文化大革命の時期に，学校教育の分野で抗日軍政大学の意義が再び強調され，66年8月国防委員会副主席葉剣英が行なった「抗日軍政大学式の大学をつくろう」と題する講演が『人民日報』に掲載され，また「全国の軍民は抗大の革命精神に学ぶ」運動が大規模に展開された。

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