A triangular plateau over 1000 meters above sea level, surrounded by the Alborz Mountains to the north and the Zagros Mountains to the south. It occupies most of the Iranian territory. As a bridge between Central and Western Asia, it has played an important historical role since ancient times. Although there is some precipitation in winter, it is generally dry, with an annual rainfall of less than 250 mm. In the center of the plateau lie the two great deserts of Kabir and Lut. However, in addition to natural oases in the valleys and around the desert, artificial irrigation by qanats (water-collecting culverts) made it possible to form settlements, and many major cities such as Tehran, Shiraz, and Isfahan exist within the plateau. [Yuko Kagawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北をアルボルズ山脈、南をザーグロス山脈に囲まれた、標高1000メートルを超える三角形の高原地帯。イラン国土の大部分を占める。中央アジアと西アジアの掛け橋として、古代から重要な歴史的役割を果たしてきた。冬季に若干の降水はみられるものの概して乾燥しており、年降水量は250ミリメートルに達しない。高原中央部にはカビール、ルートの二大砂漠が横たわっている。しかし渓谷部や砂漠周辺の天然オアシスのほか、カナート(集水暗渠(あんきょ))による人工灌漑(かんがい)が行われて集落形成を可能にしたため、テヘラン、シーラーズ、イスファハーンなどの主要都市が高原内部に多く存在している。 [香川優子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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