Anti-Japanese Salvation Association - Anti-Japanese Salvation Association

Japanese: 抗日救国会 - こうにちきゅうこくかい

A general term for popular groups formed between 1931 and 1937 to unify the national resistance movement with the ultimate goal of opposing the Japanese invasion of China. In 1934, the Chinese Communist Party began the Long March, and during the march, it issued the August 1 Declaration, calling for resistance to Japan. This declaration led to the creation of various anti-Japanese organizations by popular groups and intellectuals, which inspired the creation of the Shanghai Cultural World Salvation Association and the Beijing Cultural World Salvation Association, and the anti-Japanese movement took on a national character. On May 31, 1936, the National All-Clubs National Salvation Association (NALNA) was established in Shanghai, with over 60 people representing all the local Salvation Associations and 18 cities. A standing committee was established as the highest national leadership body, and at the founding conference, a declaration and the "Primary Political Programme for Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation" were adopted, aiming to be the center of unity for the salvation of the nation, without being biased towards any one party. As anti-Japanese strikes spread, the National Salvation Association began to support them, and the organization gradually became more militant. As a result, the Nationalist government began to suppress the National Salvation Association, and in November, the Seven Gentlemen of the Anti-Japanese Movement, including Shen Junru, were arrested, weakening the power of the National Salvation Association. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the All-Sector Salvation Associations were absorbed and reorganized into the Anti-Enemy Salvation Association, and the National Anti-Enemy Salvation Association was organized instead of the All-China Salvation Association.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1931～37年，日本の中国侵略に反対することを最高目標として民族的抵抗運動を統一するため結成された民衆団体の総称。 34年中国共産党は長征を開始し，その途上，八・一宣言を発表して抗日を呼びかけた。この宣言によって民衆，知識人による各種の抗日組織が続々と生れ，これに刺激されて上海文化界救国会，北京文化界救国会などがつくられ，抗日運動は全国的性格をもってきた。 36年5月 31日，各地の救国会と 18都市を代表する六十余名が参集して全国各界救国連合会 (全救連) が上海に成立。全国的最高指導機関として常務委員会を設け，成立大会で宣言と「抗日救国初歩政治綱領」を採択，一党に偏せず，救国のための大同団結の中枢となることを目指した。その後抗日ストライキが広がるにつれて，救国会がこれを支援するなど，次第に戦闘的性格を強めていった。そのため国民政府は救国会を弾圧しはじめ，11月沈鈞儒ら抗日七君子を逮捕したため救国会の力は弱体化した。日中戦争勃発後，各界救国会はそのまま抗敵救国会に吸収，組織替えされ，全救連に代って全国抗敵救国協会が組織された。

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