Anti-Japanese War

Japanese: 抗日戦争 - こうにちせんそう

The Chinese name for the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). In China, it is considered a national revolutionary war and a part of the Chinese revolution. In response to the Manchurian Incident in 1931, the Chinese Communist Party waged a guerilla war in the northeast to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and fight against Japan. In 1934-1936, they made the Long March, moving from central and southern China to northern Shaanxi Province and establishing a base in Yan'an. Along the way, they issued the August 1st Declaration in 1935 and proposed an anti-Japanese national united front. When the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 led to the Second Sino-Japanese War, the entire nation, including the Kuomintang, turned to resistance against Japan, and with the formal establishment of the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in September of the same year, they united as an anti-Japanese national united front. The Eighth Route Army in northern China and the New Fourth Army in central China established anti-Japanese bases behind the Japanese army through guerilla warfare. During this time, there was conflict with the Comintern's line (Chen Shaoyu and others) that overestimated the role of the Kuomintang in the anti-Japanese war, but the leadership was unified under Mao Zedong's theory of protracted war, and while promoting rural reforms (reducing rents and other taxes), the foundations of the border areas (liberated areas) were established based on the principle of the "three-three system." During this time, a puppet government was established by Wang Jingwei and others in 1940, but by the time of the victory of the anti-Japanese war in 1945, the population of the liberated areas had reached 130 million.
→ Related articles Stilwell | World War II | People's Republic of China | Bethune

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

日中戦争（1937年―1945年）の中国側の呼称。中国では，民族革命戦争として中国革命の過程に位置づけられる。1931年の満州事変に対応して中国共産党は〈倒蒋抗日〉の遊撃戦（ゲリラ戦）を東北で遂行し，1934年―1936年には長征を行って華中・華南から陜西省北部に移動し，延安に根拠地を築くが，その途上1935年には〈八・一宣言〉を発して〈抗日民族統一戦線〉を提唱した。1937年盧溝橋事件により〈日中戦争〉の段階に入ると，中国国民党も含めて挙国抗日に向かい，同年９月の第２次国共合作の正式成立に伴い，抗日民族統一戦線として結集した。華北の八路軍や華中の新四軍は遊撃戦により日本軍の後方に抗日根拠地を建設した。その間，抗日戦における国民党の役割を過大に評価するコミンテルンの路線（陳紹禹ら）との対立があったが，毛沢東らの持久戦論による指導に一元化され，農村の改革（減租減息など）を進めつつ，〈三・三制〉の原則による辺区（解放区）の基盤確立が進められた。この間に1940年汪兆銘らの傀儡(かいらい)政権樹立もあったが，1945年の抗日戦勝利の時期に解放区人口は１億3000万人に及んだ。
→関連項目スティルウェル｜第２次世界大戦｜中華人民共和国｜ベチューン

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