Order Arachnida, Family Theridiidae. Body length of females is 1-1.5cm, males 0.2-0.4cm. Females are shiny black with an hourglass-shaped red pattern on the underside of the abdomen. They make irregular webs in dim light, both indoors and outdoors. They are world-famous for their strong toxicity. They are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions of America. Recent research has revealed that the so-called black widow spider is a mixture of several species, and that the species in the eastern and western United States are different. The scientific names L. hesperus and L. variolus are used, and the true L. mactans is unknown. In any case, all species of the Latrodectus genus are poisonous. Black widow spiders have been introduced to Japan on cargo, but have not been confirmed to have established themselves there. The redback spider, which has established itself in Japan, is native to Australia. (→Arachnida) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
クモ綱クモ目ヒメグモ科。体長は雌1~1.5cm,雄 0.2~0.4cm。雌は光沢のある黒色で,腹部下面に砂時計型の赤色紋をもつ。屋内外を問わず薄暗いところに不規則網をつくる。毒性の強さでは世界的に有名。アメリカの熱帯および温帯地域に広く分布する。最近の研究では,いわゆるクロゴケグモといわれるクモには数種が混っており,アメリカ合衆国の東側と西側では種が違うことがわかってきた。 L. hesperusおよび L. variolusという学名が使用され,真の L. mactansは何者か不明であるという。いずれにしてもゴケグモ属 Latrodectusの種はどれも毒性がある。クロゴケグモが日本にも貨物について入ったことがあるが,定着は確認されていない。日本にも定着したセアカゴケグモはオーストラリア原産である。 (→クモ類 )
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