Black moss - Black moss

Japanese: クロゴケ - くろごけ
Black moss - Black moss
A representative alpine moss of the family Acanthaceae (illustration). It is widely distributed in cold regions around the world, and is particularly common in the alpine zones of Japan, where it forms dense colonies on bare rocks. The plant body is black-brown, the stem is upright, and is 1-2 cm tall. The leaves are narrowly ovate and lack a midvein. The capsule stalk is very short, but the tip of the stem bearing the sporophyte grows long and thin to form a capsule stalk (this part is called a pseudostalk). The capsule is ovate-elliptical, has no lid or capsule teeth, and splits vertically into four central parts, from which spores are released. A. nivalis Hook. is distributed in high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, and in Japan it is found on wet rocks in high mountains north of the Chubu region.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
クロゴケ科の代表的な高山蘚類(イラスト)。世界中の寒冷地に広く分布し,日本でもとくに高山帯に多く,裸岩上に密な群落をつくる。植物体は黒褐色,茎は直立し,高さ1~2cm。葉は狭卵形で中央脈を欠く。蒴柄(さくへい)はごく短いが,胞子体をつけた茎の先端部が細長く伸びて蒴柄状となる(この部分を偽柄という)。蒴は卵状楕円形で,蓋(ふた)も蒴歯もなく,中央部が縦に4裂して,その裂け目から胞子を放出する。ガッサンクロゴケ(別名ユキミクロゴケ)A.nivalis Hook.は北半球の高緯度地域に分布し,日本では中部地方以北の高山の湿岩上に産する。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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