Grew, Nehemiah

Japanese: グルー（英語表記）Grew， Nehemiah

Born 1641 in Warwickshire
[Died] March 25, 1712, London. British botanist and physician. His father was a clergyman. After graduating from Cambridge University, he obtained his medical degree from Leiden University in 1671. He opened a practice in his hometown, but later moved to London. He used microscopes to advance his research into plant anatomy. He shared many of his achievements with the famous contemporary anatomist M. Malpighi, such as the discovery of plant cells and the vessels in plant stems. However, while Malpighi emphasized the similarities between plants and animals, Grew pursued the uniqueness of plants, even creating terms unique to plants, such as "shoot" and "root." He also discovered stomata on the underside of leaves, which he believed to be the openings for air intake. He is particularly famous for his findings on the reproductive organs of plants, which he revealed in his major work, The Anatomy of Plants (1682). Along with Malpighi, he is said to be the father of modern microscopic anatomy.

glue
Grew, Joseph Clark

Born: May 27, 1880, Boston
Died: May 25, 1965. Manchester, Massachusetts. American diplomat. Graduated from Harvard University in 1902. Began his diplomatic career as a secretary at the American consulate in Cairo. Was a member of the American delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. Was minister to Denmark in 1920, minister to Switzerland in 1921, and ambassador to Turkey in 1927. Became ambassador to Japan in 1932, and worked hard to find a peaceful solution to US-Japan relations until the outbreak of war in 1941. Returned to Japan in 1942 and served as special assistant to Secretary of State C. Hull until 1944. Was Under Secretary of State from 1944 to 1945. In his efforts to end the war with Japan, he opposed the abolition of the Emperor System. Retired in 1945. He is the author of many books, but Ten Years in Japan (1944) is particularly valuable for the history of US-Japan relations, as it is based on his diary, official documents, and private documents from his time in Japan.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1641. ウォリックシャー
[没]1712.3.25. ロンドン
イギリスの植物学者，医者。父は牧師。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後，1671年ライデン大学で医学の学位を取得。故郷で開業したが，のちロンドンに移る。顕微鏡を駆使して植物解剖学の研究を進めた。植物細胞，植物の茎の道管の発見など，同時代の著名な解剖学者 M.マルピーギと業績を分ち合う部分も多いが，マルピーギが動植物の類似性を強調したのに対し，グルーは植物の独自性を追究し，「幼芽」「幼根」といった植物独自の用語もつくりだした。また，葉の裏面に気孔を発見し，空気の取入れ口であると考えた。特に有名なのは主著『植物解剖学』 The Anatomy of Plants (1682) で明らかにされた植物の生殖器官に関する知見である。マルピーギと並んで近代顕微鏡解剖学の祖といわれている。

グルー
Grew， Joseph Clark

[生]1880.5.27. ボストン
[没]1965.5.25. マサチューセッツ，マンチェスター
アメリカの外交官。 1902年ハーバード大学卒業。カイロのアメリカ領事館書記官を振出しに外交官生活に入った。パリ講和会議にはアメリカ代表団の一員として活躍。 20年デンマーク駐在公使，21年スイス駐在公使，27年トルコ駐在大使。 32年日本駐在大使となり，41年日米開戦まで日米関係の平和的打開に努力した。 42年帰国し 44年まで C.ハル国務長官の特別補佐官。 44～45年国務次官。対日終戦工作では天皇制の廃止に反対した。 45年引退。多くの著書があるが，特に『滞日十年』 Ten Years in Japan (1944) は在日中の日記や公文書，私文書などに基づくもので，日米関係史にとって貴重な資料。

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