Yellow-brown forest soil

Japanese: 黄褐色森林土 - おうかっしょくしんりんど
Yellow-brown forest soil

This soil is intermediate between brown forest soil and red-yellow soil. When looking at the distribution of soils around the world by climate, this soil type is identified as intermediate between brown forest soil, which is distributed in temperate zones under the same humid climate, and red soil and yellow soil (collectively called red-yellow soil), which are distributed in subtropical zones. Brown forest soil is distributed from mixed forests to deciduous broadleaf forests, and is a base leaching type soil in which calcium salts have been decomposed, while red-yellow soil is a desilicic acid type soil occurring in evergreen broadleaf forests, but yellow-brown forest soil corresponds to the deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forest zones, and its soil formation process shows a transitional stage between the former two. It is characterized by a light yellow-brown accumulation layer continuing under a dark brown topsoil layer, and shows a moderate acidic reaction.

Since this soil type was identified along the Black Sea coast and in the Yangtze River basin in China, its distribution has been discussed worldwide. In Japan, it is thought to be forming on hilly plateaus in the warm, rainy regions west of the Tokai region, but it is difficult to clearly identify the distribution boundary with brown forest soil.

[Shigeo Asami]

[Reference item] | Soil

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

褐色森林土と赤黄色土との中間に位置する土壌。世界の土壌分布を気候の違いでみるとき、同じ湿潤気候下にあって温帯に分布する褐色森林土と、亜熱帯に分布する赤色土、黄色土(赤黄色土と一括)との中間に位置する土壌として、この土壌型が識別される。褐色森林土は混交林から落葉広葉樹林にかけて分布し、カルシウム塩の分解まで進んだ塩基溶脱型土壌であるのに対し、赤黄色土は常緑広葉樹林地に生ずる脱ケイ酸型土壌であるが、黄褐色森林土は落葉・常緑広葉樹林帯に相当し、その土壌生成作用はまさに前二者の間の移行的段階を示している。暗褐色の表土層の下に明るい黄褐色の集積層が続くことが特徴で、中程度の酸性反応を呈する。

 黒海沿岸や中国の揚子江(ようすこう)流域などで、この土壌型が確認されてから、世界的にその分布が論じられるようになった。日本では、東海地方以西の温暖多雨地方の丘陵台地面で生成しつつあると考えられるが、褐色森林土との分布境界は明示することが困難である。

[浅海重夫]

[参照項目] | 土壌

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