Curaca (English spelling)

Japanese: クラカ（英語表記）curaca

It means chief in Quechua. It was used to refer to leaders at various levels, such as the head of the ayyu (a kinship group in rural areas under the Inca Empire), the head of a village, the head of an administrative unit called a huaranha that ideally consisted of 1,000 households, and the head of an ethnic group subordinate to the Inca Empire. At the village level or above, the curaca was the head of administration, had his own land and livestock, and often enjoyed the labor services of ordinary peasants. He also acted as an arbitrator in disputes between peasants and was responsible for representing the interests of his subordinate group in external relations.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ケチュア語で首長の意。インカ帝国治下の農村の親族集団アイユの長，村落の長，理念上1000世帯をまとめたワランハという行政単位の長や，インカ帝国に服属した民族集団の長など，さまざまなレベルでの長をさすのに用いられた。村落以上のレベルでのクラカは，行政の責任者として独自の土地や家畜を持ち，一般農民の労働奉仕を享受することが多かった。そして，農民間の紛争の調停者となったり，対外的には配下の集団の利益を代表する任務を担った。

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