Matsudaira Harusato

The 7th feudal lord of Matsue Domain in Izumo Province (Shimane Prefecture). A tea master, founder of the Fumai school of tea ceremony, and collector of tea utensils. His childhood name was Tsurutaro, later called Harutaka, and then Harusato. He was first called Sado no Kami, and later Dewa no Kami. His pen names included Tomon, Ranshitsu, Kasazawa, Ikkanshi, Ichijisai, Sono, and Fumai. In 1767 (Meiwa 4), during the ongoing reforms known as "Otateha" led by the domain's punishment officer, chief retainer Asahi Tanba Shigeyasu (later Satoyasu), he became feudal lord at the age of 17, replacing his father Munenobu. The reforms were successful to some extent, based on encouraging agriculture and suppressing commerce, but after Asahi Tanba retired in 1782 (Tenmei 2), the financial situation worsened again, and from 1796 (Kansei 8) Harusato himself took control, but the situation did not improve and he retired in 1806 (Bunka 3) at the age of 56. He died on April 24, 1820, and was buried at Tentoku-ji Temple in Nishikubo, Azabu, Edo (after the Great Kanto Earthquake, he was moved to the cemetery of Gessho-ji Temple in Matsue City). His posthumous name was Daien-an, former lord of Izumo Province, Ubayashi no Tsugusho, Fumai Sono Koji. His wife was the ninth daughter of Date Munemura, lord of the Sendai domain.

[Matsuo Hisashi]

He studied the tea ceremony under Isa Kotaku of the Sekishu school, but was not bound by any particular school, and proclaimed that "all schools are my own school." In 1770 (Meiwa 7), he wrote "Mudagoto" (Extravagant Words), in which he criticized the contemporary tea ceremony's emphasis on utensils, while also revealing a part of his passion for the tea ceremony. Later, as the domain's finances improved, he began collecting utensils, and became the largest collector of utensils in the late Edo period. The items he collected are known in the "Unshu Meibutsu Cho" (Unshu Zocho). Fumai classified and organized these famous utensils and wrote the 18 volumes of "Kokon Meibutsu Ruiju" (Collection of Ancient and Modern Famous Items), and also conducted historical research on pottery in the 3 volumes of "Seto Toki Ransho" (Seto Pottery Introduction), showing that he was not merely a connoisseur. After he retired, he operated several tea houses at his villa, Osakien in Shinagawa, Edo, and lived a life of refined sophistication. Among his favorite tea houses were Kanden-an and Meimei-an in Matsue City. He admired Kobori Enshu, and while he restored Koho-an at Daitoku-ji Temple, he also built his own temple, Daien-an, in the same place.

[Murai Yasuhiko]

"The Public Biography of Matsudaira Fumai, compiled by the Matsudaira Family Editorial Department (1914, Matsudaira Family)" ▽ "The Public Biography of Matsudaira Fumai, co-authored by Naito Masanaka and Shimada Shigenori (1965, Imai Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

出雲(いずも)国（島根県）松江藩第7代藩主。茶人、茶道不昧(ふまい)流の祖、茶道具の収集家。幼名鶴太郎、のち治好(はるたか)、ついで治郷と称す。初め佐渡守(さどのかみ)、のち出羽(でわ)守。号は斗門、蘭室、笠沢(りゅうたく)、一閑子(いっかんし)、一々斎、宗納、不昧など。1767年（明和4）藩仕置役家老朝日丹波茂保(あさひたんばしげやす)（のち郷保(さとやす)）を中心に「御立派(おたては)」といわれる改革の進行中に、父宗衍(むねのぶ)にかわって17歳で藩主となった。改革は勧農抑商を基調としていちおうは成功したが、1782年（天明2）朝日丹波の隠居後に財政状況はふたたび悪化、1796年（寛政8）からは治郷自身が親政したが好転しないまま1806年（文化3）56歳で隠退した。文政(ぶんせい)元年4月24日没、江戸麻布(あざぶ)西窪の天徳寺に葬る（関東大震災後、松江市月照寺の墓地に移す）。法名は大円庵(あん)前出雲国主羽林次将不昧宗納居士(こじ)。夫人は仙台藩主伊達宗村(だてむねむら)の九女。

［松尾　寿］

　茶の湯は石州流の伊佐幸琢(いさこうたく)に学んだが、流派にとらわれず「諸流皆我が流」を標榜(ひょうぼう)した。1770年（明和7）『贅言(むだごと)』を著して道具偏重の当世茶を批判する一方、茶の湯執心の一端を披瀝(ひれき)しているが、その後藩財政の好転に伴い道具収集に乗り出し、江戸後期最大の収集者となった。その品目は『雲州名物帳』（雲州蔵帳）で知られる。不昧はこうした名物道具を分類整理して『古今名物類聚(ここんめいぶつるいじゅう)』18巻を著し、また『瀬戸陶器濫觴(せととうきらんしょう)』3巻では陶器の歴史的研究を行うなど、単なる好事家(こうずか)に終始しなかった。致仕(ちし)後は、江戸品川の別邸大崎園に数々の茶室を営み風流三昧(ざんまい)の生活を送った。不昧の好んだ茶室に松江市の菅田庵(かんでんあん)や明々庵(めいめいあん)がある。小堀遠州を慕い、大徳寺孤篷庵(こほうあん)を再興する一方、同所に自らの菩提所(ぼだいしょ)大円庵を建立した。

［村井康彦］

『松平家編輯部編『松平不昧公伝』（1914・松平家）』▽『内藤正中・島田成矩共著『松平不昧』（1965・今井書店）』

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