In the 1890s, the world was divided into two completely different phenomena: rising nationalism, falling wool prices, and a drought-induced recession. Four major disputes broke out, including a seamen's strike demanding a closed-shop system and a strike by the shearers' union, which ultimately led to the establishment of a labor-management arbitration system (1904). The illusion of a horseshoe-shaped inland sea in the center of the continent was a major motivation for inland exploration, but the Great Australian Expedition Race by Burke and Wills (R. Burke) in 1860-62 and John Stuart in 1861-62 revealed that the center was the driest wilderness, and the centripetal movement of Australian development, which resembled the westward movement of American development, was thwarted. However, in 1872, a transcontinental telegraph cable was laid between Adelaide and Darwin along the route of Stuart's exploration, and it was further connected from Darwin to Java, making it possible to communicate with Britain and other countries around the world via Java. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Stuart, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…とくにナショナリズムの高揚,羊毛価格の下落と干ばつによる不況というまったく異質な現象に分裂した1890年代には,クローズド・ショップ制を要求する海員スト,毛刈職人組合ストなどの四大争議が勃発し,結果的に労資調停仲裁制度の設立(1904)をみた。 大陸中央部に馬蹄形の大内海が存在するという幻想が,内陸探検の大きな動機となっていたが,1860‐62年のバーク=ウィルズ隊(R.バーク),61‐62年のスチュアートJohn Stuart隊による〈大オーストラリア探検レース〉の結果,中央部は最も乾燥した荒野と判明し,アメリカ開拓の西進運動に似たオーストラリア開拓の求心運動は挫折した。しかし72年アデレード~ダーウィン間にスチュアート隊の探検ルート沿いに大陸縦断電信線が敷設され,さらにダーウィンからジャワ島へ連結され,ジャワ島を経てイギリスや世界各国との交信が可能となった。… ※「Stuart,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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