Chemoreceptors - science professor

Japanese: 化学受容器 - かがくじゅようき
Chemoreceptors - science professor

A receptor that is differentiated within an animal's body so that it can directly receive substance molecules. In lower invertebrates, the differentiation of chemoreceptors is generally low. In contrast, in insects and vertebrates, chemoreceptors are differentiated and are divided into taste receptors that sense taste and olfactory receptors that sense smell. The hair-like sensilla on the tarsus and mouthparts of insect legs and the taste buds of vertebrates are taste receptors, while the hair-like and cone-like sensilla on the antennae of insects and the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity of vertebrates are olfactory receptors. The carotid and aortic bodies of mammals, which sense the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, are also included in the category of chemoreceptors.

[Tsuneo Yamaguchi]

[Reference] | Senses

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

動物体内で、物質分子を直接受容できるように分化した受容器をいう。下等無脊椎(むせきつい)動物では、化学受容器の分化は一般に低い。これに対して、昆虫や脊椎動物では化学受容器が分化し、味を感ずる味受容器と、においを感ずる嗅受容器(きゅうじゅようき)に区別される。昆虫の脚(あし)の跗節(ふせつ)や口器などにあたる毛状感覚子、脊椎動物の味蕾(みらい)が味受容器であり、昆虫の触角にある毛状感覚子や錐状(すいじょう)感覚子、脊椎動物の鼻腔(びこう)内の嗅上皮が嗅受容器である。なお、血中の酸素や二酸化炭素分圧を受容する哺乳(ほにゅう)動物の頸動脈(けいどうみゃく)体や大動脈体も化学受容器に含められる。

[山口恒夫]

[参照項目] | 感覚

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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