A god worshipped by fishermen. Fishermen's wishes can be summarized as prayers for a good catch and safety at sea. There are many gods to whom they pray, but Ebisu is the most widely worshipped for prayers for a good catch. Nishinomiya Shrine in Settsu and Miho Shrine in Izumo are known as central figures, but Ebisu has been accepted in various forms in the faith of the people, and in southwestern Japan, there are many cases where stones picked up from the sea are made into the deity. In addition, Funadama (boat spirit) is worshipped nationwide as the guardian deity of ships for prayers for safety at sea. In traditional Japanese boats, dolls, hair, dice, and five grains are often enshrined as deities. Amidama (net spirit) is also sometimes enshrined in the floats called Ebisu aba. Other deities and Buddhas enshrined as fishing gods include the dragon god, water god, mountain god, and Jizo, and there are shrines and temples in various regions that attract the faith of fishermen. Well-known examples include Konpira in Sanuki, Zenpo-ji Temple in Shonai, Aomine-san Shofuku-ji Temple in Shima, and Mount Kinka in Sanriku. [Yoshiharu Kamino] "Sakurada Katsunori's 'Religion of the Sea' (1970, Tankosha)" ▽ "Sakurada Katsunori's Collected Works 1: Fishing Village Folklore (1980, Meishu Publishing)" ▽ "Makita Shigeru's 'Folklore of the Sea' (1954, Iwasaki Shoten)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
漁民によって祀(まつ)られてきた神。漁民の願いは大漁と海上安全の祈願に要約されるであろう。その祈願対象となる神々は多彩だが、大漁の祈願に広く信仰されているのは恵比須(えびす)である。摂津の西宮(にしのみや)神社や出雲(いずも)の美保(みほ)神社などが中心的な存在として知られているが、民衆の信仰のなかにはさまざまな形で受け入れられ、西南日本では海中から拾い上げた石を神体とする例が多くみられる。また海上安全祈願には、船霊(ふなだま)が船の守護神として全国的に祀られている。伝統的な和船では、神体として人形(ひとがた)、毛髪、さいころ、五穀などが祀り込められていることが多い。網にもエビスアバなどとよばれる浮子(あば)に網霊(あみだま)が祀られることがある。漁業神としてはほかにも、竜神、水神、山神(やまのかみ)、地蔵などの神仏が祀られ、各地に漁民の信仰を集める社寺があるが、讃岐(さぬき)の金毘羅(こんぴら)、庄内(しょうない)の善宝寺、志摩の青峯山(あおのみねさん)正福寺、三陸の金華山などが知られている。 [神野善治] 『桜田勝徳著『海の宗教』(1970・淡交社)』▽『『桜田勝徳著作集1 漁村民俗誌』(1980・名著出版)』▽『牧田茂著『海の民俗学』(1954・岩崎書店)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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