Tower of London

Japanese: ロンドン塔 - ろんどんとう(英語表記)Tower of London
Tower of London

A fortress at the eastern end of the City district in east London, England. It stands on a hill on the north bank of the River Thames called Tower Hill, and in addition to the White Tower in the center, there are several buildings such as the Royal Treasury and the Arms Exhibition Hall, surrounded by a wall and a moat on the outside. Its history is said to date back to its construction during Caesar's expedition to Britain, and it has been used as a fortress since ancient times, but after reconstruction by the Norman dynasty in the 12th century, it was gradually expanded, and its current appearance was established in the late 13th century. It was one of the royal residences until the first half of the 17th century, but historically it was known more as a prison, and has many historical episodes, such as the execution of Thomas More, Anne Boleyn, and Jane Grey. As its location inside the City rather than Westminster indicates, it was originally intended to intimidate the residents of the City with royal power, but from around the 18th century it became a popular tourist attraction, and remains so to this day. In 1988, it was registered as a World Heritage Site (World Cultural Heritage).

[Keiko Okubo]

[Reference] | Castle
Tower of London (White Tower)
The five-story White Tower stands in the center of the fort. Throughout the Middle Ages, it was the base for the British royal family to exercise centralized feudalism, but historically it is known as a prison. World Heritage Site "Tower of London" (England, registered in 1988) London, England ©Shogakukan ">

Tower of London (White Tower)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスのロンドン東部、シティ地区の東端にある砦(とりで)。タワー・ヒルとよばれるテムズ川北岸の高台に建ち、中央のホワイト・タワーのほか、王室宝物館、武器展示館など数個の建物とそれらを囲む城壁があり、さらにその外側には濠(ほり)が巡らされている。その歴史はカエサルのブリタニア遠征の際の築城に始まるといわれ、古くから要塞(ようさい)として使われていたが、12世紀のノルマン王朝による再建を経て徐々に拡張され、13世紀後半にほぼ現在の外形が整った。17世紀前半までは王室の居城の一つであったが、歴史上はむしろ監獄として知られ、トマス・モア、アン・ブリン、ジェーン・グレイらが処刑されるなど、数多くの歴史的エピソードをもつ。ウェストミンスターではなくシティの内部に置かれたその立地が示すように、本来はシティの住民に対する国王権力の威圧の意が込められていたが、18世紀ごろから観光の名所として親しまれるようになり、現在に至っている。1988年には世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

[大久保桂子]

[参照項目] |
ロンドン塔(ホワイト・タワー)
砦の中央に建つ5階建てのホワイト・タワー。中世を通じて、イギリス王家による集権的封建制行使の拠点であったが、歴史上は監獄として知られている。世界文化遺産「ロンドン塔」(イギリス・1988年登録) イギリス ロンドン©Shogakukan">

ロンドン塔(ホワイト・タワー)


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