A national movement for complete independence for Egypt that continued from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century. It was culminated in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Egypt had been a province of the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century, but in the 19th century the influence of Britain and France grew, and Egypt came under British rule after World War I. After the war, the demand for independence spread, centered around Zaghloul Pasha, the leader of the Wafd Party, and Britain granted nominal independence in February 1922. British troops were stationed in cities and important districts, and they had almost complete control over the economy. This led to a rise in anti-British protests again, and in 1936 the Anglo-Egyptian Alliance Treaty was signed, limiting the presence of British troops to the Suez Canal Zone. After World War II, the movement for the complete withdrawal of British troops was reignited, and in 1951 the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was abolished. The growing demand for complete independence among the people led to the revolution of 1952. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
19世紀後半から 20世紀なかばまで続いたエジプトの完全独立を目指す民族運動。 1952年のエジプト革命をもって完遂された。エジプトは 16世紀以来オスマン帝国の属領であったが,19世紀に入ってイギリス,フランスの影響力が強まり,第1次世界大戦とともにイギリスの統治下におかれた。戦後ワフド党の領袖ザグルール・パシャを中心に独立を要求する声が燃え広がったことから,22年2月イギリスは名目上の独立を与えた。都市および重要な地区にはイギリス軍が駐留,経済の実権もほぼ完全に掌握していた。このため再び反英運動が高揚,36年にはイギリス軍の駐留をスエズ運河地帯のみに限ったイギリス=エジプト同盟条約が調印された。第2次世界大戦後,イギリス軍の完全撤退を求める運動が再燃,51年にはイギリス=エジプト条約を破棄するなど,国民の間に完全独立の声が高まったのを背景に,52年の革命へと導かれた。
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