Kingdom of Mitanni

Japanese: ミタンニ王国 - ミタンニおうこく(英語表記)Kingdom of Mitanni
Kingdom of Mitanni
A Hurrian kingdom founded in northern Mesopotamia in the 16th to 14th centuries BC. Its capital was Vashkanni on the upper reaches of the Khabur River, a tributary of the Euphrates River, and it exerted great influence from the northwestern Iranian plateau to northern Mesopotamia and northern Syria. Judging from the king's name and the name of the god, the ruling class was Indo-Aryan. It controlled Assyria for a long time, and initially fought with Egypt, but eventually maintained a long-standing friendly relationship between the two countries through political marriages. The Amarna Letters contain a letter from the king of Mitanni addressed to Akhenaten of Egypt. However, in the 14th century BC, it was invaded by the Hittite king Suppiluliumash I, who captured the capital, and the western half of the kingdom became Hittite territory, and the remaining kingdom (renamed Hanigalbat) became a Hittite tributary state. At this time, Assyria gained independence and took control of the eastern part of the kingdom. In the conflict between the Hittites and Assyria in the 13th century BC, Hanigalbat helped the Hittites, and thereafter became a vassal state of Assyria. The independence movement failed, the country was destroyed, and the people were forcibly relocated to other regions. Hanigalbat became an Assyrian province, and the Mitanni Kingdom was destroyed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
前 16~14世紀に北メソポタミアに建国されたフルリ人の王国。ユーフラテス川の支流ハブル川上流のワシュカンニを首都として,イラン高原北西部から北メソポタミア,北シリアにかけて大きな勢力を及ぼした。王名や神名から判断して,支配階級はインド=アーリア語派であった。アッシリアを長く支配下にとどめ,エジプトとは当初争いを繰り返したが,やがて政略結婚による両国間の友好関係が長く維持された。アマルナ文書には,エジプトのイクナートンに宛てたミタンニ王の書簡が残っている。しかし前 14世紀ヒッタイトの王シュッピルリウマシュ1世に侵入され,首都も陥落して王国の西半分はヒッタイト領となり,残った王国領 (ハニガルバトと改称) もヒッタイトの朝貢国となった。このときアッシリアが独立して王国の東部を支配下に置き,前 13世紀のヒッタイトとアッシリアの争いにハニガルバトはヒッタイトを助けたため,以後アッシリアの臣従国となり,独立運動も失敗して国土は破壊され,人民は他の地方に強制移住させられ,ハニガルバトはアッシリアの属州となり,ミタンニ王国は滅亡した。

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